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shopping-cart-k8s

Service Mesh patterns for Microservices

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软件概览

Shopping Cart Application with Microservices Approach

Building microservices application (Shopping Cart Application - Polyglot for services) using Kubernetes + Istio with its ecosystem parts.

Disclamation

Should have MINIKUBE_HOME environment variable in your machine, and value should point to C:\users\<your name>\

Should run powershell script to create minikube machine in C: drive.

If it threw the exception that it couldn't find out minikube machine in Hyper-V so just simply delete everything in <user>/.minikube folder, but we could keep cache folder to avoid download everything from scratch, then runs it subsequently.

Technical Stack

Hyper-V or VirtualBox
Docker
Kubernetes (minikube v0.25.2 for windows)
Istio
Ambassador
Helm
Weave Scope on Kubernetes
.NET Core SDK
NodeJS
Windows Powershell
xip or nip for access virtualhosts on your development web server from devices on yourlocal network, like iPads, iPhones, and other computers.

Setup Local Kubernetes

Using minikube for Windows in this project, but you can use Mac or Linux version as well
Download the appropriate package of your minikube at https://github.com/kubernetes/minikube/releases (Used v0.25.2 for this project)
Install it into your machine (Windows 10 in this case)
After installed minikube, then run

Hyper-V

> minikube start --kubernetes-version="v1.9.0" --vm-driver=hyperv --hyperv-virtual-switch="minikube_switch" --cpus=4 --memory=4096 --v=999 --alsologtostderr

Then start with full option

> minikube start --extra-config=apiserver.Features.EnableSwaggerUI=true,apiserver.Authorization.Mode=RBAC,apiserver.Admission.PluginNames=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota --v=999 --alsologtostderr

VirtualBox v5.2.8

> minikube start --vm-driver="virtualbox" --kubernetes-version="v1.10.0" --cpus=4 --memory 4096 --extra-config=apiserver.authorization-mode=RBAC,apiserver.Features.EnableSwaggerUI=true,apiserver.Admission.PluginNames=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota --v=7 --alsologtostderr

Setup Istio

Download the appropriate package of Istio at https://github.com/istio/istio/releases
Upzip it into your disk, let say D:\istio\
cd into D:\istio\, then run

> kubectl create -f install/kubernetes/istio.yaml

or

> kubectl create -f install/kubernetes/istio-auth.yaml

Notes: set istio\bin\istioctl.exe to the PATH of the windows.

Setup Ambassador

If you're running in a cluster with RBAC enabled:

> kubectl apply -f https://getambassador.io/yaml/ambassador/ambassador-rbac.yaml

Without RBAC, you can use:

> kubectl apply -f https://getambassador.io/yaml/ambassador/ambassador-no-rbac.yaml

If you're going to use Ambassador, then run as following script

> cd k8s
> istioctl kube-inject -f istio-shopping-cart.yaml | kubectl apply -f -
> kubectl apply -f ambassador-service.yaml

Notes: for some reason, I couldn't run the no-rbac mode on my local development.

Dashboard

> minikube dashboard

> kubectl get svc -n istio-system

> export GATEWAY_URL=$(kubectl get po -l istio-ingress -n istio-system -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.hostIP}'):$(kubectl get svc istio-ingress -n istio-system -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}')

> curl $GETWAY_URL

Install and Work with Helm (Kubernetes Package Manager)

> choco install kubernetes-helm

> cd <git repo>
> helm init
> helm repo update
> helm version

Install RabbitMq

> helm install --name my-rabbitmq --set rbacEnabled=false stable/rabbitmq

Now we can use amqp://my-rabbitmq.default.svc.cluster.local:5672 on Kubernetes Cluster, but what if we want to leverage it for the local development. The solution is port-forward it to our localhost as

> kubectl get pods | grep rabbitmq | awk '{print $1;}'
> kubectl port-forward <pod name just got> 15672

Or port-forward 5672 on Kubernetes (amqp protocol) to localhost:5672

> kubectl port-forward <pod name just got> 1234:5672

Now we have

> amqp://root:letmein@127.0.0.1:1234

Install Redis

> helm install --name my-redis stable/redis

References:

Build Our Own Microservices

> minikube docker-env

Copy and Run

> @FOR /f "tokens=*" %i IN ('minikube docker-env') DO @%i

From now on, we can type docker images to list out all images in Kubernetes local node.

Build our microservices by running

> powershell -f build-all.ps1

Then if you want to just test it then run following commands

> cd k8s
> kubectl apply -f shopping-cart.yaml

In reality, we need to inject the sidecards into microservices as following

> cd k8s
> istioctl kube-inject -f shopping-cart.yaml | kubectl apply -f -

In Deployment
In each Pod

Available Microservices

Get host IP

> minikube ip

Get Ambassador port

> kubectl get svc ambassador -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[0].nodePort}'

Finally, open browser with <IP>:<PORT>
Microservices
- Catalog service: www.<IP>.xip.io:<PORT>/c/swagger/. For example, http://www.192.168.1.6.xip.io:32097/c/swagger/
- Supplier service: www.<IP>.xip.io:<PORT>/s/
- Security service: www.<IP>.xip.io:<PORT>/id/account/login or www.<IP>.xip.io:<PORT>/id/.well-known/openid-configuration
- Email service: www.<IP>.xip.io:<PORT>/e/

Develop A New Service

Build the whole application using

> powershell -f build-all.ps1

Then run

> kubectl delete -f shopping-cart.yaml

> kubectl apply -f shopping-cart.yaml

Waiting a sec for Kubernetes to refresh.

Metrics Collection, Distributed Tracing, and Visualization

Setup Prometheus

> cd istio\install\kubernetes\addons\
> kubectl apply -f prometheus.yaml

Setup Grafana

> cd istio\install\kubernetes\addons\
> kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml

> kubectl -n istio-system port-forward $(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -l app=grafana -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') 3000:3000 &

> curl http://localhost:3000

Setup Service Graph

TODO

Setup Zipkin or Jaeger

TODO

Setup Weave Scope

Install and run it on the local

> kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/scope.yaml?k8s-version=v1.9.0"

Then port-forward it out as following

> kubectl get -n weave pod --selector=weave-scope-component=app -o jsonpath='{.items..metadata.name}'
> kubectl port-forward -n <weave scope name> 4040

Go to http://localhost:4040

Tips and Tricks

Print out environment variables in one container

> kubectl get pods

> kubectl exec <pod name> env

Switch to another use-context

Let say we have a profile named minikube19, then just type the command as below

> kubectl config use-context minikube19

Switched to context "minikube19".

> minikube config set profile minikube19

Working with Ubuntu on Hyper-V

Install Ubuntu Server VM (ubuntu-18.04-live-server-amd64.iso) on Hyper-V (External Network)
ssh into that machine, then sudo apt-get install docker.io
Install Virtual Box (5.2) on Ubuntu VM
Install kubectl

> apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
> curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
> cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
> apt-get update
> apt-get install -y kubectl

Install minikube

> curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/v0.27.0/minikube-linux-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

Alias command

> alias k='kubectl'
> alias mk='/usr/local/bin/minikube'

Then run following script

> minikube start --vm-driver="virtualbox" --kubernetes-version="v1.9.0" --cpus=4 --memory 4096 --extra-config=apiserver.authorization-mode=RBAC --v=7 --alsologtostderr

Make Hyper-V treats well with Ubuntu by enable nested vitualization, before of that we need to make Powershell run well
Make the internal Kubernetes Dashboard can be accessed by outside

> sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
> iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d <VM IP> --dport 30000 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.99.100:30000
> iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE

> sudo iptables -t nat -v -x -n -L
> sudo dhclient eth0 -v

Install samba on ubuntu VM
socat on Ubuntu Server

> sudo apt-get install socat
> socat -v tcp-listen:30000,fork tcp:192.168.99.100:30000

ngrok on Ubuntu server

> wget https://bin.equinox.io/c/4VmDzA7iaHb/ngrok-stable-linux-amd64.zip
> unzip ngrok-stable-linux-amd64.zip
> mk dashboard --url
> ./ngrok http 192.168.99.100:30000 -region ap

Open ubuntu VM port (if needed)

> sudo iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 2375 -j ACCEPT
or
> sudo ufw allow 2375
then
> nc -l 2375