Debian Docker 安装
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2023-03-14
Docker 支持以下的 Debian 版本：
- Buster 10
- Stretch 9 (stable) / Raspbian Stretch
Docker Engine-Community 在 x86_64（或 amd64 ）armhf，和 arm64 体系结构上受支持。
使用官方安装脚本自动安装
安装命令如下：
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun
也可以使用国内 daocloud 一键安装命令：
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
手动安装
卸载旧版本
Docker 的旧版本被称为 docker，docker.io 或 docker-engine，如果已安装，请卸载它们：
$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
安装 Docker Engine-Community
使用 Docker 仓库进行安装
在新主机上首次安装 Docker Engine-Community 之前，需要设置 Docker 仓库。之后，您可以从仓库安装和更新 Docker。
Raspbian 用户不能使用此方法！
对于 Raspbian，尚不支持使用仓库进行安装。您必须改为使用 shell 脚本方式。
设置仓库
更新 apt 包索引。
$ sudo apt-get update
安装 apt 依赖包，用于通过 HTTPS 来获取仓库。
$
sudo
apt-get install \
apt-transport-https \
ca-certificates \
curl \
gnupg2 \
software-properties-common
apt-transport-https \
ca-certificates \
curl \
gnupg2 \
software-properties-common
添加 Docker 的官方 GPG 密钥：
$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88 通过搜索指纹的后8个字符，验证您现在是否拥有带有指纹的密钥。
$
sudo
apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
pub 4096R /0EBFCD88 2017-02- 22
Key fingerprint = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid Docker Release (CE deb ) <docker @docker.com >
sub 4096R /F273FCD8 2017-02- 22
pub 4096R /0EBFCD88 2017-02- 22
Key fingerprint = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid Docker Release (CE deb ) <docker @docker.com >
sub 4096R /F273FCD8 2017-02- 22
使用以下指令设置稳定版仓库：
$
sudo add-apt-repository \
"deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian \
$(lsb_release -cs) \
stable"
"deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian \
$(lsb_release -cs) \
stable"
安装 Docker Engine-Community
更新 apt 包索引：
$ sudo apt-get update
安装最新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd ，或者转到下一步安装特定版本：
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
要安装特定版本的 Docker Engine-Community，请在仓库中列出可用版本，然后选择一种安装。列出您的仓库中可用的版本：
$
apt-cache madison docker-ce
docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~ 3- 0~debian-stretch | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~ 3- 0~debian-stretch | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~ 3- 0~debian | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~ 3- 0~debian | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
...
docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~ 3- 0~debian-stretch | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~ 3- 0~debian-stretch | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~ 3- 0~debian | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~ 3- 0~debian | https: //mirrors.ustc.edu.cn /docker-ce /linux /debian stretch /stable amd64 Packages
...
使用第二列中的版本字符串安装特定版本，例如 5:18.09.1~3-0~debian-stretch 。
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli=<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io
测试 Docker 是否安装成功，输入以下指令，打印出以下信息则安装成功：
$
sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library /hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker !
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64 )
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https: //hub.docker.com /
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https: //docs.docker.com /get-started /
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library /hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker !
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64 )
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https: //hub.docker.com /
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https: //docs.docker.com /get-started /
卸载 docker
删除安装包：
sudo apt-get purge docker-ce
删除镜像、容器、配置文件等内容：
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker