一个Python最简单的接口自动化框架

故事背景

读取一个Excel中的一条数据用例，请求接口，然后返回结果并反填到excel中。过程中会生成请求回来的文本，当然还会生成一个xml文件。具体的excel文件如下：

代码方案

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 
from xml.dom import minidom
import xlrd
import openpyxl
import requests
import json
import sys
import HTMLParser
import os
import re
import codecs
import time
import datetime

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')

class OptionExcelData(object):
  """对Excel进行操作，包括读取请求参数，和填写操作结果"""
  def __init__(self, excelFile,excelPath=''):
    self.excelFile = excelFile
    self.excelPath = excelPath
    self.caseList = []

  """
  传入：传入用例Excel名称
  返回：[],其中元素为{},每个{}包含行号、城市、国家和期望结果的键值对
  """
  def getCaseList(self,excelFile,excelPath=''):
    readExcel = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName)              #读取指定的Excel
    try:
      table = readExcel.sheet_by_index(0)               #获取Excel的第一个sheet
      trows = table.nrows                       #获取Excel的行数
      for n in range(1,trows):
        tmpdict = {}                        #把一行记录写进一个{}
        tmpdict['id'] = n                      #n是Excel中的第n行
        tmpdict['CityName'] = table.cell(n,2).value
        tmpdict['CountryName'] = table.cell(n,3).value
        tmpdict['Rspect'] = table.cell(n,4).value
        self.caseList.append(tmpdict)
    except Exception, e:
      raise
    finally:
      pass
    return self.caseList

  """
  传入：请求指定字段结果，是否通过，响应时间
  返回：
  """
  def writeCaseResult(self,resultBody,isSuccess,respTime,\
    excelFile,theRow,theCol=5):
    writeExcel = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelFile)           #加载Excel，后续写操作
    try:
      wtable = writeExcel.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1')         #获取名为Sheet1的sheet
      wtable.cell(row=theRow+1,column=theCol+1).value = resultBody  #填写实际值
      wtable.cell(row=theRow+1,column=theCol+2).value = isSuccess   #填写是否通过
      wtable.cell(row=theRow+1,column=theCol+3).value = respTime   #填写响应时间
      writeExcel.save(excelFile)
    except Exception, e:
      raise
    finally:
      pass


class GetWeather(object):
  """获取天气的http请求"""
  def __init__(self, serviceUrl,requestBody,headers):
    self.serviceUrl = serviceUrl
    self.requestBody = requestBody
    self.headers = headers
    self.requestResult = {}

  """
  传入：请求地址，请求体，请求头
  返回：返回{}，包含响应时间和请求结果的键值对
  """
  def getWeath(self,serviceUrl,requestBody,headers):
    timebefore = time.time()                      #获取请求开始的时间，不太严禁
    tmp = requests.post(serviceUrl,data=requestBody,\
      headers=headers)
    timeend = time.time()                        #获取请求结束的时间
    tmptext = tmp.text
    self.requestResult['text'] = tmptext                #记录响应回来的内容
    self.requestResult['time'] = round(timeend - timebefore,2)     #计算响应时间
    return self.requestResult

class XmlReader:
  """操作XML文件"""
  def __init__(self,testFile,testFilePath=''):
    self.fromXml = testFile
    self.xmlFilePath = testFilePath
    self.resultList = []

  def writeXmlData(self,resultBody,testFile,testFilePath=''):
    tmpXmlFile = codecs.open(testFile,'w','utf-16')           #新建xml文件
    tmpLogFile = codecs.open(testFile+'.log','w','utf-16')       #新建log文件

    tmp1 = re.compile(r'\<.*?\>')                   #生成正则表达式:<*?>
    tmp2 = tmp1.sub('',resultBody['text'])               #替换相应结果中的<*?>
    html_parser = HTMLParser.HTMLParser()
    xmlText = html_parser.unescape(tmp2)                #转换html编码

    try:
      tmpXmlFile.writelines(xmlText.strip())             #去除空行并写入xml
      tmpLogFile.writelines('time: '+\
        str(resultBody['time'])+'\r\n')               #把响应时间写入log
      tmpLogFile.writelines('text: '+resultBody['text'].strip())   #把请求回来的文本写入log
    except Exception, e:
      raise
    finally:
      tmpXmlFile.close()
      tmpLogFile.close()

  """返回一个list"""
  def readXmlData(self,testFile,testFilePath=''):
    tmpXmlFile = minidom.parse(testFile)
    root = tmpXmlFile.documentElement
    tmpValue = root.getElementsByTagName('Status')[0].\
    childNodes[0].data
    return tmpValue                           #获取特定字段并返回结果，此处选取Status


if __name__ == '__main__':

  requesturl = 'http://www.webservicex.net/globalweather.asmx/GetWeather'
  requestHeadrs = {"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
  fileName = u'用例内容.xlsx'

  ed = OptionExcelData(fileName) 
  testCaseList = ed.getCaseList(ed.excelFile)

  for caseDict in testCaseList:
    caseId = caseDict['id']
    cityName = caseDict['CityName']
    countryName = caseDict['CountryName']
    rspect = caseDict['Rspect']
    requestBody = 'CityName='+cityName+'&CountryName='+countryName

    getWeather = GetWeather(requesturl,requestBody,requestHeadrs)
    #获取请求结果
    tmpString = getWeather.getWeath(getWeather.serviceUrl,\
      getWeather.requestBody,getWeather.headers)

    xd = XmlReader(str(caseId) + '.xml')
    #把请求内容写入xml和log
    xd.writeXmlData(tmpString,xd.fromXml)
    response = xd.readXmlData(str(caseId) + '.xml')
    respTime = tmpString['time']
    if response == rspect:
      theResult = 'Pass'
    else:
      theResult = 'False'
   ed.writeCaseResult(response,theResult,respTime,fileName,caseId)

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持小牛知识库。