对python抓取需要登录网站数据的方法详解

scrapy.FormRequest

login.py

class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider):
 name = 'login_spider'
 start_urls = ['http://www.login.com']
 def parse(self, response):
  return [
   scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(
     response,
     # username和password要根据实际页面的表单的name字段进行修改
     formdata={'username': 'your_username', 'password': 'your_password'},
     callback=self.after_login)]
 def after_login(self, response):
  # 登录后的代码
  pass

selenium登录获取cookie

get_cookie_by_selenium.py

import pickle
import time
from selenium import webdriver
def get_cookies():
 url = 'https://www.test.com'
 web_driver = webdriver.Chrome()
 web_driver.get(url)
 username = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-email')
 username.send_keys('username')
 password = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-password')
 password.send_keys('password')
 login_button = web_driver.find_element_by_id('login-submit')
 login_button.click()
 time.sleep(3)
 cookies = web_driver.get_cookies()
 web_driver.close()
 return cookies
if __name__ == '__main__':
 cookies = get_cookies()
 pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))

获取浏览器cookie(以Ubuntu的Firefox为例)

get_cookie_by_firefox.py

import sqlite3
import pickle
def get_cookie_by_firefox():
 cookie_path = '/home/name/.mozilla/firefox/bqtvfe08.default/cookies.sqlite'
 with sqlite3.connect(cookie_path) as conn:
  sql = 'select name,value from moz_cookies where baseDomain="test.com"'
  cur = conn.cursor()
  cookies = [{'name': name, 'value': value} for name, value in cur.execute(sql).fetchall()]
  return cookies
if __name__ == '__main__':
 cookies = get_cookie_from_firefox()
 pickle.dump(cookies, open('cookies.pkl', 'wb'))

scrapy使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))
yield scrapy.Request(url, cookies=cookies, callback=self.parse)

requests使用获取后的cookie

cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))
s = requests.Session()
for cookie in cookies:
 s.cookies.set(cookie['name'], cookie['value'])

selenium使用获取后的cookie

from selenium import webdriver
cookies = pickle.load(open('cookies.pkl', 'rb'))
w = webdriver.Chrome()
# 直接添加cookie会报错，下面是一种解决方案，可能有更好的
# -- start --
w.get('http://www.test.com')
w.delete_all_cookies()
# -- end --
for cookie in cookies:
 w.add_cookie(cookie)

以上这篇对python抓取需要登录网站数据的方法详解就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持小牛知识库。