Android入门：多线程断点下载详细介绍

本案例在于实现文件的多线程断点下载，即文件在下载一部分中断后，可继续接着已有进度下载，并通过进度条显示进度。也就是说在文件开始下载的同时，自动创建每个线程的下载进度的本地文件，下载中断后，重新进入应用点击下载，程序检查有没有本地文件的存在，若存在，获取本地文件中的下载进度，继续进行下载。当下载完成后，自动删除本地文件。

一、多线程断点下载介绍

所谓的多线程断点下载就是利用多线程下载，并且可被中断，如果突然没电了，重启手机后可以继续下载，而不需要重新下载；

利用的技术有：SQLite存储各个线程的下载量，HTTP请求获得下载数据；

二、辅助类介绍

为了完成多线程断点下载我们需要预先编写一些辅助类：

(1)DBOpenHelper

(2)FileService：
-Map<Integer,Integer> getData(String path); 根据URL获得各个线程的下载量
-save(String path, Map<Integer, Integer> map);存储URL对应的各个线程下载量，此函数为刚刚开始时调用
-update(String path, Map<Integer, Integer> map);更新数据库中URL对应的各个线程的下载量；
-delete(String path);删除URL对应的数据；

(3)FileDownloader:
-getFileSize()；获得下载文件的大小
-download(DownloadProgressListener listener);下载文件，并设置监听器

(4)DownloadThread:此类在FileDownloader的download中执行；

先将辅助类列出：
DBOpenHelper.Java

package service; 
 
import android.content.Context; 
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; 
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper; 
 
public class DBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { 
  private static final String DBNAME = "download.db"; 
  private static final int VERSION = 1; 
   
  public DBOpenHelper(Context context) { 
    super(context, DBNAME, null, VERSION); 
  } 
   
  @Override 
  public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { 
    db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS filedownlog (id integer primary key autoincrement, downpath varchar(100), threadid INTEGER, downlength INTEGER)"); 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { 
    db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS filedownlog"); 
    onCreate(db); 
  } 
 
} 

FileService.java

package service; 
 
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map; 
 
import android.content.Context; 
import android.database.Cursor; 
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; 
/** 
 * 业务bean 
 * 
 */ 
public class FileService { 
  private DBOpenHelper openHelper; 
 
  public FileService(Context context) { 
    openHelper = new DBOpenHelper(context); 
  } 
  /** 
   * 获取每条线程已经下载的文件长度 
   * @param path 
   * @return 
   */ 
  public Map<Integer, Integer> getData(String path){ 
    SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getReadableDatabase(); 
    Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("select threadid, downlength from filedownlog where downpath=?", new String[]{path}); 
    Map<Integer, Integer> data = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>(); 
    while(cursor.moveToNext()){ 
      data.put(cursor.getInt(0), cursor.getInt(1)); 
    } 
    cursor.close(); 
    db.close(); 
    return data; 
  } 
  /** 
   * 保存每条线程已经下载的文件长度 
   * @param path 
   * @param map 
   */ 
  public void save(String path, Map<Integer, Integer> map){//int threadid, int position 
    SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase(); 
    db.beginTransaction(); 
    try{ 
      for(Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : map.entrySet()){ 
        db.execSQL("insert into filedownlog(downpath, threadid, downlength) values(?,?,?)", 
            new Object[]{path, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()}); 
      } 
      db.setTransactionSuccessful(); 
    }finally{ 
      db.endTransaction(); 
    } 
    db.close(); 
  } 
  /** 
   * 实时更新每条线程已经下载的文件长度 
   * @param path 
   * @param map 
   */ 
  public void update(String path, Map<Integer, Integer> map){ 
    SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase(); 
    db.beginTransaction(); 
    try{ 
      for(Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : map.entrySet()){ 
        db.execSQL("update filedownlog set downlength=? where downpath=? and threadid=?", 
            new Object[]{entry.getValue(), path, entry.getKey()}); 
      } 
      db.setTransactionSuccessful(); 
    }finally{ 
      db.endTransaction(); 
    } 
    db.close(); 
  } 
  /** 
   * 当文件下载完成后，删除对应的下载记录 
   * @param path 
   */ 
  public void delete(String path){ 
    SQLiteDatabase db = openHelper.getWritableDatabase(); 
    db.execSQL("delete from filedownlog where downpath=?", new Object[]{path}); 
    db.close(); 
  } 
   
} 

FileDownloader.java

package net.download; 
 
import java.io.File; 
import java.io.RandomAccessFile; 
import java.net.HttpURLConnection; 
import java.net.URL; 
import java.util.LinkedHashMap; 
import java.util.Map; 
import java.util.UUID; 
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; 
import java.util.regex.Matcher; 
import java.util.regex.Pattern; 
 
import service.FileService; 
import android.content.Context; 
import android.util.Log; 
/** 
 * 文件下载器 
 * FileDownloader loader = new FileDownloader(context, "http://browse.babasport.com/ejb3/ActivePort.exe", 
        new File("D:\\androidsoft\\test"), 2); 
    loader.getFileSize();//得到文件总大小 
    try { 
      loader.download(new DownloadProgressListener(){ 
        public void onDownloadSize(int size) { 
          print("已经下载："+ size); 
        }      
      }); 
    } catch (Exception e) { 
      e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
 */ 
public class FileDownloader { 
  private static final String TAG = "FileDownloader"; 
  private Context context; 
  private FileService fileService;   
  /* 已下载文件长度 */ 
  private int downloadSize = 0; 
  /* 原始文件长度 */ 
  private int fileSize = 0; 
  /* 线程数 */ 
  private DownloadThread[] threads; 
  /* 本地保存文件 */ 
  private File saveFile; 
  /* 缓存各线程下载的长度*/ 
  private Map<Integer, Integer> data = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, Integer>(); 
  /* 每条线程下载的长度 */ 
  private int block; 
  /* 下载路径 */ 
  private String downloadUrl; 
  /** 
   * 获取线程数 
   */ 
  public int getThreadSize() { 
    return threads.length; 
  } 
  /** 
   * 获取文件大小 
   * @return 
   */ 
  public int getFileSize() { 
    return fileSize; 
  } 
  /** 
   * 累计已下载大小 
   * @param size 
   */ 
  protected synchronized void append(int size) { 
    downloadSize += size; 
  } 
  /** 
   * 更新指定线程最后下载的位置 
   * @param threadId 线程id 
   * @param pos 最后下载的位置 
   */ 
  protected synchronized void update(int threadId, int pos) { 
    this.data.put(threadId, pos); 
    this.fileService.update(this.downloadUrl, this.data); 
  } 
  /** 
   * 构建文件下载器 
   * @param downloadUrl 下载路径 
   * @param fileSaveDir 文件保存目录 
   * @param threadNum 下载线程数 
   */ 
  public FileDownloader(Context context, String downloadUrl, File fileSaveDir, int threadNum) { 
    try { 
      this.context = context; 
      this.downloadUrl = downloadUrl; 
      fileService = new FileService(this.context); 
      URL url = new URL(this.downloadUrl); 
      if(!fileSaveDir.exists()) fileSaveDir.mkdirs(); 
      this.threads = new DownloadThread[threadNum]; 
      //1.获得文件大小 
      HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); 
      conn.setConnectTimeout(5*1000); 
      conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); 
      conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*"); 
      conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN"); 
      conn.setRequestProperty("Referer", downloadUrl);  
      conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8"); 
      conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"); 
      conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); 
      conn.connect(); 
      printResponseHeader(conn); 
      if (conn.getResponseCode()==200) { 
        this.fileSize = conn.getContentLength();//根据响应获取文件大小 
        if (this.fileSize <= 0) throw new RuntimeException("Unkown file size "); 
             
        String filename = getFileName(conn);//获取文件名称 
        this.saveFile = new File(fileSaveDir, filename);//构建保存文件 
        Map<Integer, Integer> logdata = fileService.getData(downloadUrl);//获取下载记录 
         
        //2.如果以前已经下载过，则从数据库中导入记录，并继续下载 
         
        if(logdata.size()>0){//如果存在下载记录 
          for(Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> entry : logdata.entrySet()) 
            data.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());//把各条线程已经下载的数据长度放入data中 
        } 
        if(this.data.size()==this.threads.length){//下面计算所有线程已经下载的数据长度 
          for (int i = 0; i < this.threads.length; i++) { 
            this.downloadSize += this.data.get(i+1); 
          } 
          print("已经下载的长度"+ this.downloadSize); 
        } 
        //计算每条线程下载的数据长度 
        this.block = (this.fileSize % this.threads.length)==0? this.fileSize / this.threads.length : this.fileSize / this.threads.length + 1; 
      }else{ 
        throw new RuntimeException("server no response "); 
      } 
    } catch (Exception e) { 
      print(e.toString()); 
      throw new RuntimeException("don't connection this url"); 
    } 
  } 
  /** 
   * 获取文件名 
   */ 
  private String getFileName(HttpURLConnection conn) { 
    String filename = this.downloadUrl.substring(this.downloadUrl.lastIndexOf('/') + 1); 
    if(filename==null || "".equals(filename.trim())){//如果获取不到文件名称 
      for (int i = 0;; i++) { 
        String mine = conn.getHeaderField(i); 
        if (mine == null) break; 
        if("content-disposition".equals(conn.getHeaderFieldKey(i).toLowerCase())){ 
          Matcher m = Pattern.compile(".*filename=(.*)").matcher(mine.toLowerCase()); 
          if(m.find()) return m.group(1); 
        } 
      } 
      filename = UUID.randomUUID()+ ".tmp";//默认取一个文件名 
    } 
    return filename; 
  } 
   
  /** 
   * 开始下载文件 
   * @param listener 监听下载数量的变化,如果不需要了解实时下载的数量,可以设置为null 
   * @return 已下载文件大小 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public int download(DownloadProgressListener listener) throws Exception{ 
    try { 
      RandomAccessFile randOut = new RandomAccessFile(this.saveFile, "rw"); 
      if(this.fileSize>0) randOut.setLength(this.fileSize); 
      randOut.close(); 
      URL url = new URL(this.downloadUrl); 
      //如果线程数与以前不一样，则重新开始下 
      if(this.data.size() != this.threads.length){ 
        this.data.clear(); 
        for (int i = 0; i < this.threads.length; i++) { 
          this.data.put(i+1, 0);//初始化每条线程已经下载的数据长度为0 
        } 
      } 
      for (int i = 0; i < this.threads.length; i++) {//开启线程进行下载 
        int downLength = this.data.get(i+1); 
        if(downLength < this.block && this.downloadSize<this.fileSize){//判断线程是否已经完成下载,否则继续下载  
          this.threads[i] = new DownloadThread(this, url, this.saveFile, this.block, this.data.get(i+1), i+1); 
          this.threads[i].setPriority(7); 
          this.threads[i].start(); 
        }else{ 
          this.threads[i] = null; 
        } 
      } 
      this.fileService.save(this.downloadUrl, this.data); 
      boolean notFinish = true;//下载未完成 
      while (notFinish) {// 循环判断所有线程是否完成下载 
        Thread.sleep(900); 
        notFinish = false;//假定全部线程下载完成 
        for (int i = 0; i < this.threads.length; i++){ 
          if (this.threads[i] != null && !this.threads[i].isFinish()) {//如果发现线程未完成下载 
            notFinish = true;//设置标志为下载没有完成 
            if(this.threads[i].getDownLength() == -1){//如果下载失败,再重新下载 
              this.threads[i] = new DownloadThread(this, url, this.saveFile, this.block, this.data.get(i+1), i+1); 
              this.threads[i].setPriority(7); 
              this.threads[i].start(); 
            } 
          } 
        }         
        if(listener!=null) listener.onDownloadSize(this.downloadSize);//通知目前已经下载完成的数据长度 
      } 
      fileService.delete(this.downloadUrl); 
    } catch (Exception e) { 
      print(e.toString()); 
      throw new Exception("file download fail"); 
    } 
    return this.downloadSize; 
  } 
  /** 
   * 获取Http响应头字段 
   * @param http 
   * @return 
   */ 
  public static Map<String, String> getHttpResponseHeader(HttpURLConnection http) { 
    Map<String, String> header = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(); 
    for (int i = 0;; i++) { 
      String mine = http.getHeaderField(i); 
      if (mine == null) break; 
      header.put(http.getHeaderFieldKey(i), mine); 
    } 
    return header; 
  } 
  /** 
   * 打印Http头字段 
   * @param http 
   */ 
  public static void printResponseHeader(HttpURLConnection http){ 
    Map<String, String> header = getHttpResponseHeader(http); 
    for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : header.entrySet()){ 
      String key = entry.getKey()!=null ? entry.getKey()+ ":" : ""; 
      print(key+ entry.getValue()); 
    } 
  } 
 
  private static void print(String msg){ 
    Log.i(TAG, msg); 
  } 
} 

DownloadThread.java

package net.download; 
 
import java.io.File; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.io.RandomAccessFile; 
import java.net.HttpURLConnection; 
import java.net.URL; 
 
import android.util.Log; 
 
public class DownloadThread extends Thread { 
  private static final String TAG = "DownloadThread"; 
  private File saveFile; 
  private URL downUrl; 
  private int block; 
  /* 下载开始位置 */ 
  private int threadId = -1;  
  private int downLength; 
  private boolean finish = false; 
  private FileDownloader downloader; 
 
  public DownloadThread(FileDownloader downloader, URL downUrl, File saveFile, int block, int downLength, int threadId) { 
    this.downUrl = downUrl; 
    this.saveFile = saveFile; 
    this.block = block; 
    this.downloader = downloader; 
    this.threadId = threadId; 
    this.downLength = downLength; 
  } 
   
  @Override 
  public void run() { 
    if(downLength < block){//未下载完成 
      try { 
        HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) downUrl.openConnection(); 
        http.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); 
        http.setRequestMethod("GET"); 
        http.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*"); 
        http.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN"); 
        http.setRequestProperty("Referer", downUrl.toString());  
        http.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8"); 
        int startPos = block * (threadId - 1) + downLength;//开始位置 
        int endPos = block * threadId -1;//结束位置 
        http.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + startPos + "-"+ endPos);//设置获取实体数据的范围 
        http.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"); 
        http.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); 
         
        InputStream inStream = http.getInputStream(); 
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; 
        int offset = 0; 
        print("Thread " + this.threadId + " start download from position "+ startPos); 
        RandomAccessFile threadfile = new RandomAccessFile(this.saveFile, "rwd"); 
        threadfile.seek(startPos); 
        while ((offset = inStream.read(buffer, 0, 1024)) != -1) { 
          threadfile.write(buffer, 0, offset); 
          downLength += offset; 
          downloader.update(this.threadId, downLength); 
          downloader.append(offset); 
        } 
        threadfile.close(); 
        inStream.close(); 
        print("Thread " + this.threadId + " download finish"); 
        this.finish = true; 
      } catch (Exception e) { 
        this.downLength = -1; 
        print("Thread "+ this.threadId+ ":"+ e); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
  private static void print(String msg){ 
    Log.i(TAG, msg); 
  } 
  /** 
   * 下载是否完成 
   * @return 
   */ 
  public boolean isFinish() { 
    return finish; 
  } 
  /** 
   * 已经下载的内容大小 
   * @return 如果返回值为-1,代表下载失败 
   */ 
  public long getDownLength() { 
    return downLength; 
  } 
} 
DownloadProgressListener.java
package net.download; 
 
//下载监听器 
public interface DownloadProgressListener { 
  public void onDownloadSize(int size); 
} 

三、具体代码

效果如下：

实现代码：

package org.xiazdong.download; 
 
import java.io.File; 
 
import net.download.DownloadProgressListener; 
import net.download.FileDownloader; 
import android.app.Activity; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.os.Environment; 
import android.os.Handler; 
import android.os.Message; 
import android.view.View; 
import android.view.View.OnClickListener; 
import android.widget.Button; 
import android.widget.EditText; 
import android.widget.ProgressBar; 
import android.widget.TextView; 
import android.widget.Toast; 
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity { 
  private Button downloadButton; 
  private EditText urlpathEditText; 
  private TextView percentTextView; 
  private ProgressBar progressBar; 
  private Handler handler; 
  //主线程 
  private class UIHandler extends Handler{ 
    @Override 
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) { 
      int downloadsize = msg.getData().getInt("downloadsize"); 
      int percent = msg.getData().getInt("percent"); 
      progressBar.setProgress(downloadsize); 
      percentTextView.setText(percent+"%"); 
    } 
  } 
  private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener() { 
    DownloadThread thread; 
    class DownloadThread extends Thread{ 
      private String url ; 
      private File saveDir; 
      private FileDownloader download; 
      public DownloadThread(String url, File saveDir) { 
        this.url = url; 
        this.saveDir = saveDir; 
      } 
      //子线程 
      @Override 
      public void run() { 
        download = new FileDownloader(MainActivity.this,url, saveDir, 3); 
        progressBar.setMax(download.getFileSize()); //设置最大刻度 
        try { 
          download.download(downListener); 
        } catch (Exception e) { 
          e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
      } 
    } 
    //由子线程调用 
    private DownloadProgressListener downListener = new DownloadProgressListener() { 
      @Override 
      public void onDownloadSize(int size) { 
        //实时跟踪下载的情况 
        int percent = (int)(((double)size)/progressBar.getMax()*100); 
        Message msg = new Message(); 
        msg.what = 1;  //设置id 
        System.out.println(percent+"%"); 
        System.out.println(size+"k"); 
        msg.getData().putInt("percent", percent); 
        msg.getData().putInt("downloadsize",size); 
        handler.sendMessage(msg); 
         
      } 
    }; 
     
    @Override 
    public void onClick(View v) { 
      if(v==downloadButton){ 
        if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){ 
          String url = urlpathEditText.getText().toString(); 
          File saveDir = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(); 
          download(url,saveDir); 
        } 
        else{ 
          Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "SDCARD不存在", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
        } 
      } 
    } 
 
    private void download(String url, File saveDir) { 
      thread = new DownloadThread(url,saveDir); 
      thread.start(); 
       
    } 
  }; 
  @Override 
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
    setContentView(R.layout.main); 
    downloadButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.download); 
    urlpathEditText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.path); 
    percentTextView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView); 
    progressBar = (ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.progressBar);  
    downloadButton.setOnClickListener(listener); 
    handler = new UIHandler(); 
  } 
} 

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持小牛知识库。