用链接替换文本中的单词，但不替换图片中的单词

Question

我有一条短信。在这篇文章中是一张图片。我想把每个单词柏林都换成一个链接。现在我有问题，这站在图片的旧部分也是柏林，这也被取代。

<?php
$content = "
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
<img class='bild' src='https://berlin.link/ alt='Bild von Berlin' width='300' height='200' />
Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet, vulputate, arcu.
";

$content = str_replace("Berlin", "<a href='//Berlin.test'>Berlin</a>", $content);

return $content;
?>

有没有可能照片中的柏林没有被取代？注意，代码只是一个示例。我通常从wordpress获取内容。但这与此无关。我想。

Answer 1

通常，解析HTML最可靠的方法是使用DOM解析器，而不是字符串操作。这相当复杂，但在出现奇怪情况时不会失败。

$content = "
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
<img class='bild' src='https://berlin.link/' alt='Bild von Berlin' width='300' height='200' />
Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet, vulputate, arcu.
Berlin
";

$search = "Berlin";
$replace_href = "//Berlin.test/";

$dom = new DomDocument();
libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
$dom->loadHTML($content, LIBXML_HTML_NOIMPLIED | LIBXML_HTML_NODEFDTD);
$xpath = new DomXPath($dom);
// here we search for every text node with the search term in it
$nodes = $xpath->query("//text()[contains(., \"$search\")]");
foreach ($nodes as $node) {
    // explode the string at the search term to get an array
    $parts = explode($search, $node->nodeValue);
    // treat the first one differently because it comes before any matches
    $part1 = $dom->createTextNode(array_shift($parts));
    $node->parentNode->insertBefore($part1, $node);
    // now go through the rest of the string parts
    foreach ($parts as $part) {
        // create the a element, set the attribute value and text content
        $anchor = $dom->createElement("a");
        $anchor->setAttribute("href", $replace_href);
        $anchor->appendChild($dom->createTextNode($search));
        // append it in place
        $node->parentNode->insertBefore($anchor, $node);
        // and then put the original text back
        $node->parentNode->insertBefore($dom->createTextNode($part), $node);
    }
    // get rid of the original text node
    $node->parentNode->removeChild($node);
}
echo $dom->saveHTML();

输出：

<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor.
Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
<img class="bild" src="https://berlin.link/" alt="Bild von Berlin" width="300" height="200">
Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet, vulputate, arcu.
<a href="//Berlin.test/">Berlin</a>
</p>

Answer 2

试试这个：

$content = "Berlin Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem. <img class='bild' src='https://berlin.link/ alt='Bild von Berlin' width='300' height='200' /> Nulla consequat massa quis enim. Donec pede justo, fringilla vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. In enim justo, rhoncus ut, imperdiet a, venenatis vitae, justo. Nullam dictum felis eu pede.";

$replaced = preg_replace('/<.*?>(*SKIP)(*FAIL)|Berlin/', "<a href='//Berlin.test'>Berlin</a>", $content);

var_dump(htmlentities($replaced));

因此使用preg|u replace，正则表达式的第一部分（在|符号之前）告诉它跳过

希望这能有所帮助！

归功于：https://stackoverflow.com/a/29973967/3884381（我以前做过这类事情，但记不清具体细节，所以不得不查一查。）