使用Pyinstaller发布打包

Question

对于所有专家，我们一直在开发一个包含以下模块的应用程序：

• opencv
• 努比
• 熊猫
• 跺脚
• nltk
• bs4
• PIL
• 请求

还有一些不是pythons标准库的一部分。希望将其打包到单个可执行文件中。因此，我们尝试使用pyinstaller。执行时也是如此-它会建立分发文件夹-但无法执行。它抛出以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "app.py", line 6, in <module>
File "/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyimod03_importers.py", line 627, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "ProcessManager.py", line 7, in <module>
File "/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyimod03_importers.py", line 627, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "ProcessWorker.py", line 16, in <module>
File "/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/loader/pyimod03_importers.py", line 627, in exec_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages/cv2/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import
[3502] Failed to execute script app

下面是运行命令时的输出

root@devserver:~/Projects/BIUEngine/src# pyinstaller app.py 
113 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.4
114 INFO: Python: 3.6.7
116 INFO: Platform: Linux-4.4.0-131-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-16.04-xenial
116 INFO: wrote /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/app.spec
119 INFO: UPX is not available.
123 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['/root/Projects/BIUEngine/src', '/root/Projects/BIUEngine/src']
123 INFO: checking Analysis
123 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
124 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
127 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
179 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
10300 INFO: running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
10357 INFO: Caching module hooks...
10381 INFO: Analyzing /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/app.py
13258 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils
13297 INFO: distutils: retargeting to non-venv dir '/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils'
14908 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   setuptools.extern.six.moves
16017 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   site
16044 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir '/root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/fake-modules'
18473 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   six.moves
32950 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   urllib3.packages.six.moves
55571 INFO: Loading module hooks...
55572 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.Image.py"...
56546 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
56688 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.SpiderImagePlugin.py"...
56699 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'
56704 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'
56704 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...
56753 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-certifi.py"...
56755 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sysconfig.py"...
56792 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pytz.py"...
56989 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-nltk.py"...
57816 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pkg_resources.py"...
58813 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook   win32com
58976 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PIL.py"...
58988 INFO: Import to be excluded not found: 'FixTk'
58988 INFO: Excluding import 'PySide'
58996 INFO:   Removing import of PySide from module PIL.ImageQt
59000 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt5'
59007 INFO:   Removing import of PyQt5 from module PIL.ImageQt
59010 INFO: Excluding import 'PyQt4'
59018 INFO:   Removing import of PyQt4 from module PIL.ImageQt
59025 INFO: Excluding import 'tkinter'
59036 INFO:   Removing import of tkinter from module PIL.ImageTk
59038 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
59040 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pandas.py"...
60447 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-sqlite3.py"...
60607 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.py"...
60609 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pycparser.py"...
61578 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-lib2to3.py"...
61616 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-cv2.py"...
61617 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py"...
61619 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"...
62934 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
62936 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-numpy.core.py"...
63088 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
63294 WARNING: library user32 required via ctypes not found
63399 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
63439 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_pkgres.py'
63458 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_nltk.py'
63463 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_multiprocessing.py'
63536 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
65726 INFO: Looking for eggs
65727 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...
65822 INFO: Using Python library /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so.1.0
65882 INFO: Warnings written to /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/warn-app.txt
66237 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/xref-app.html
66476 INFO: checking PYZ
66477 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
66478 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/PYZ-00.pyz
70637 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
70722 INFO: checking PKG
70722 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
70722 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg
70837 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.
70839 INFO: Bootloader /root/Projects/BIUEngine/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PyInstaller/bootloader/Linux-64bit/run
70840 INFO: checking EXE
70840 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
70840 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
70842 INFO: Appending archive to ELF section in EXE /root/Projects/BIUEngine/src/build/app/app
70967 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.
70981 INFO: checking COLLECT
70982 INFO: Building COLLECT because COLLECT-00.toc is non existent
70983 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc
82471 INFO: Building COLLECT COLLECT-00.toc completed successfully.

有人能帮我做同样的事吗。。我怎样才能解决这个问题？

Answer 1

谢谢所有在外面帮忙的人。我也在其他地方发了帖子——在上帝的恩典下——有人确实想出了一个解决方案。这对我很有帮助。他的建议是-我可能有2个或更多不同的Numpy安装在机器的不同版本。一个2.7另一个3.6以此类推。他建议我把它们中的任何一个都拿走，看看事情是否解决了。它确实有一定的意义，所以我提前清理了2.7/3.6和其他根据需要手动安装的项目包。发布-我刚刚创建了一个虚拟机，并做了一个新的安装所需的包（连同Numpy）。

此外，确保pyinstaller在构建时确实查找了numpy。果心多重数组作为隐藏导入。（第二步——我过去已经试过了）。

说什么-事情对我来说很重要。它不再给我它曾经因为这个而屈服的错误。现在我正在解决其他问题——但这种方法/机制肯定对我有效。

谢谢你们再次帮助我。我爱你们所有人。

Answer 2

导入恐怖：numpy。果心multiarray导入失败错误因导致与numpy尝试导入特定于平台的共享库相关的崩溃而臭名昭著。几乎总是由于试图导入错误的版本或根本找不到这些库而导致的。

可能您的打包可执行文件正试图从包外部导入一些框架，并遇到某种版本不匹配。最有可能的是，您还在使用某种虚拟环境，如conda或Virtualenv？

如果无法使用机器，很难查明问题所在。我将尝试以下方式收集有关该问题的进一步信息：

>

尝试在只安装了一个版本的numpy的计算机上重新打包应用程序。

通过在环境中运行python-c导入Numpy； print（Numpy.__version__）； print（Numpy.__file__）'，仔细调查Numpy的哪个版本和从哪里实际导入，您正在创建可执行文件，以及在可执行文件本身中。

最后一步可以通过

import numpy
import numpy
print(numpy.__version__)
print(numpy.__file__)

在你的应用程序中。py作为第一行（即在输出崩溃之前查看输出）