Anaconda/Python站点包名称中带有波浪的子文件夹-它们是什么？

Question

今天，我去更改matplotlib的配置。搜索matplot图书馆发现我有两个：

查看站点软件包文件夹，我发现许多软件包的名称中都有一个波浪号：

• ~klearn是sklearn，但还有另一个sklearn

这些波浪名称包是用来做什么的？我能安全地删除它们吗？

Answer 1

您是否可能使用pip安装了这些特定的软件包？如果是这样，那么损坏的目录可能是pip在卸载包时（或在卸载包准备更新包时）创建的临时目录。

我深入研究了pip源代码，发现了这个片段，它显然只用于卸载包：

class AdjacentTempDirectory(TempDirectory):
    """Helper class that creates a temporary directory adjacent to a real one.
    Attributes:
        original
            The original directory to create a temp directory for.
        path
            After calling create() or entering, contains the full
            path to the temporary directory.
        delete
            Whether the directory should be deleted when exiting
            (when used as a contextmanager)
    """
    # The characters that may be used to name the temp directory
    # We always prepend a ~ and then rotate through these until
    # a usable name is found.
    # pkg_resources raises a different error for .dist-info folder
    # with leading '-' and invalid metadata
    LEADING_CHARS = "-~.=%0123456789"

    ...

如果这就是这些文件，那么您可以安全地删除它们。