使用hamcrest contains（）方法比较两个集合

Question

@Test
public void getAllItems() {

    Collection<Item> actualItems = auction.getAllItems(joe);
    Collection<Item> expectedItems = Lists.newArrayList();
    expectedItems.add(iPhone);
    expectedItems.add(skateboard);
    assertThat(expectedItems, contains(actualItems));

}

[Item{name=iPhone}, Item{name=Skateboard}]  --> Expected
[Item{name=iPhone}, Item{name=Skateboard}]  --> Actual

java.lang.AssertionError: 
Expected: iterable containing [<[Item{name=iPhone}, Item{name=Skateboard}]>]
     but: item 0: was <Item{name=iPhone}>
    at org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat(MatcherAssert.java:20)
    at org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat(MatcherAssert.java:8)

您能帮助我在使用contains方法时哪里出错了吗？

public class Item {

    private String name;

    public Item(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this).add("name", name).toString();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Item other = (Item) obj;
        if (name == null) {
            if (other.name != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!name.equals(other.name))
            return false;
        return true;
    }

}

Answer 1

集合的.contains(...)使用对象的equals和hashcode方法。为了在自己的对象上使用equals（或者在本例中contains)，您需要重写类的equals和hashcode方法。这是因为Java在幕后使用引用，所以即使字段可能相等，但对象引用不相等。

在Eclipse中，您可以使用鼠标右键单击->source->生成hashCode()和equals()...来生成它们。但是，由于您从未说明使用Eclipse，这里有一个生成方法的示例：

// Overriding this class' equals and hashCode methods for Object comparing purposes 
// using the Collection's contains
// contains does the following behind the scenes: Check if both inputs aren't null, 
// check if the HashCodes match, check if the Objects are equal.
// Therefore to use the Collection's contains for Objects with the same fields, we
// need to override the Object's equals and hashCode methods
// These methods below are generated by Eclipse itself using "Source -> Generate 
// hashCode() and equals()..."
@Override
public int hashCode() {
    final int prime = 31;
    int result = 1;
    result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
    return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if(this == obj)
        return true;
    if(obj == null)
        return false;
    if(getClass() != obj.getClass())
        return false;
    Item other = (Item) obj;
    if(name == null){
        if(other.name != null)
            return false;
    }
    else if(!name.equals(other.name))
        return false;
    return true;
}

如果将这两个都添加到项-class中，则包含将起作用。

我不确定，但当我查看您的代码时，我认为以下内容可能是错误的：

@Test
public void getAllItems() {

    Collection<Item> actualItems = auction.getAllItems(joe);
    Collection<Item> expectedItems = Lists.newArrayList();

    // You first print both lists
    System.out.println(expectedItems);
    System.out.println(items);

    // And then add the two items to the expectedItems
    expectedItems.add(iPhone);
    expectedItems.add(skateboard);
    assertThat(expectedItems, contains(actualItems));
}

如果改为尝试以下操作：

@Test
public void getAllItems() {

    Collection<Item> actualItems = auction.getAllItems(joe);
    Collection<Item> expectedItems = Lists.newArrayList();

    // First add both items
    expectedItems.add(iPhone);
    expectedItems.add(skateboard);

    // Then print both lists
    System.out.println(expectedItems);
    System.out.println(items);

    assertThat(expectedItems, contains(actualItems));
}

expectedList现在包含4项吗？

[Item{name=iPhone}, Item{name=Skateboard}, Item{name=iPhone}, Item{name=Skateboard}]  --> Expected
[Item{name=iPhone}, Item{name=Skateboard}]  --> Actual

for(Item i : expectedList){
    assertTrue(actualList.contains(i));
}

assertThat(actualList, is(expectedList));