Spock-Unit test：如何为@around注释编写Spock unit test

Question

嗨，我正在使用下面的代码在我的webflux应用程序中使用aop打印日志，我在编写单元/集成测试时遇到了麻烦？我们可以在这里验证日志交互吗？任何帮助都将不胜感激

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) 
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) 
public @interface Loggable {} 

@Aspect
@Slf4j
public class LoggerAspect {

  @Around("@annotation(Loggable)")
  public Object logAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {

    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    var result = joinPoint.proceed();
    if (result instanceof Mono) {
      var monoResult = (Mono) result;
      AtomicReference<String> traceId = new AtomicReference<>("");

      return monoResult
        .doOnSuccess(o -> {
          var response = "";
          if (Objects.nonNull(o)) {
            response = o.toString();
          }
          log.info("Enter: {}.{}() with argument[s] = {}",
            joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(), joinPoint.getSignature().getName(),
            joinPoint.getArgs());
          log.info("Exit: {}.{}() had arguments = {}, with result = {}, Execution time = {} ms",
            joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(), joinPoint.getSignature().getName(),
            joinPoint.getArgs()[0],
            response, (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
        });
    }
  }
}

测试失败。不知为什么，当我调试指针不在doOnNext方法中时，我不确定如何在上面的日志记录方面断言日志交互。在Junit5中，我知道我可以为每个方法使用mockito并返回一些东西，但在Spock中我如何重新调用。

class LogAspectTest extends Specification {
  private static final String MOCK_METHOD_LOG_VALUE = "mockMethodLogValue"
  private Logger log = Mock()
  private ProceedingJoinPoint mockJoinPoint = Mock()
  private static Mono<String> methodReturn = Mono.just(["Data", "Data"])
  private LogAspect logAspect = new LogAspect(log)

  @Unroll
  def 'logAround verify log interaction'() {
    given:
    mockJoinPoint.proceed() == Mono.just("Hello")
    final Method method = TestClass.class.getMethod("mockMethod")

    when:
    logAspect.logAround(mockJoinPoint)

    then:
    interaction { mockJoinPointAndMethodSignatureInteractions(method, methodReturnToUse) }

    where:
    resultType | methodReturnToUse
    'Mono'     | methodReturn
  }

  private void mockJoinPointAndMethodSignatureInteractions(Method method, Publisher result) {
    1 * mockJoinPoint.proceed() >> result
    1 * log.info() >> ""

  }

  private static class TestClass {
    @Loggable
    Mono<String> mockMethod() { return Mono.just("data") }

  }
}

是否建议为@loggable注释编写集成测试，因为它只是日志记录，不确定如何编写断言日志语句的集成测试

Answer 1

正如我在评论中所说的，如果不使用PowerMock或类似的附加工具，就不能轻松地模拟私有静态final字段。我认为每当您需要类似的东西时，您应该重构代码以获得更好的可测试性。这里有一个远非完美的想法，但我想给你一个关于如何单元测试方面的想法。至于集成测试，您也可以这样做，但是问问自己您想要测试什么：方面或Spring AOP切入点匹配是否正确？

无论如何，让我们假设测试中的类是：

package de.scrum_master.stackoverflow.q64164101;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Loggable {}

package de.scrum_master.stackoverflow.q64164101;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

@Aspect
public class LogAspect {
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogAspect.class.getName());

  @Around("@annotation(Loggable)")
  public Object logAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    Object result = joinPoint.proceed();
    if (result instanceof Mono)
      return ((Mono) result).doOnSuccess(getConsumer(joinPoint, start));
    return result;
  }

  public Consumer getConsumer(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, long start) {
    return o -> {
      String response = "";
      if (Objects.nonNull(o))
        response = o.toString();
      log.info("Enter: {}.{}() with argument[s] = {}",
        joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(), joinPoint.getSignature().getName(),
        joinPoint.getArgs());
      log.info("Exit: {}.{}() had arguments = {}, with result = {}, Execution time = {} ms",
        joinPoint.getSignature().getDeclaringTypeName(), joinPoint.getSignature().getName(),
        joinPoint.getArgs()[0],
        response, (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
    };
  }
}

看到我如何将lambda分解成一个帮助器方法了吗？它有两个效果：

null

package de.scrum_master.stackoverflow.q64164101

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono
import spock.lang.Specification

class LogAspectTest extends Specification {
  LogAspect logAspect = Spy()
  ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint = Mock()

  def "aspect target method returns a Mono"() {
    given:
    joinPoint.proceed() >> Mono.just("Hello")

    when:
    logAspect.logAround(joinPoint)

    then:
    1 * logAspect.getConsumer(joinPoint, _)
  }

  def "aspect target method does not return a Mono"() {
    given:
    joinPoint.proceed() >> "dummy"

    when:
    logAspect.logAround(joinPoint)

    then:
    0 * logAspect.getConsumer(joinPoint, _)
  }
}

请注意我如何使用spy（即基于原始对象的部分mock）来选择性地存根helper方法。

更新：对于更集成的测试，另一种选择是配置您的日志框架以登录到您可以控制和验证的目标中，例如，登录到内存中的数据库或您可以访问的缓冲区中。