在GUI后台运行函数

Question

我有一个函数/GUI问题。我正在编码一个轻函数，它开始一个例程，并检查时间是否在上午8点和一些停止时间之间。这个例程从早上8点开始，在那个任意的时间结束。问题是，一旦我点击这个例程的开始，图形用户界面就不会让我带着开始按钮离开窗口，因为它卡在定时例程里面了。我真的希望能够设置计时器在后台运行，然后能够离开图形用户界面的窗口。看起来线程是做到这一点的关键，但我不确定。

我将GUI代码放在一个单独的文件中，以简化我的工作。我还没有研究过任何GUI中断工具。

这是我的密码

import datetime
from threading import Timer
import tkinter as tk
import time

# =============================================================================
# userInput takes a formatted input and passes it back to main.
# =============================================================================
def userInput():
        try:
            startTime = datetime.datetime.strptime(input('When would you like the routine to start in HH:MM 24 hour format: '), "%H:%M").time()
            print (startTime.strftime("%H:%M"))
        except:
            print ("Please enter correct time in HHMM format")

        try:
            redTime = datetime.datetime.strptime(input('When would you to start the red shift in HH:MM 24 hour format: '), "%H:%M").time()
            print (redTime.strftime("%H:%M"))
        except:
            print ("Please enter correct time in HHMM format")

        return startTime, redTime

# =============================================================================
# timeComparator is a function which, if the user changes any settings or chooses
# start in the middle of a cycle, implements the correct routine depending on 
# where in the cycle it's in. Right now, it's being utitilized to just test.
# The actual function of this will be adjusted later.
# =============================================================================            
def timeComparator(startTimered, redTime):
    now = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    #this obtains the current time
    #if statement compares input from 
    print("The current time is: ", now)
    if (now < startTime):
        print ("hello human")
    elif (now > startTime):
        print ("hello plant")

# =============================================================================
# This routine is intended to be controlled by the user in the manual portion
# of the GUI. This receives the start time and returns secs to initiate the 
# timer.
# =============================================================================
def manualRoutine(startTime, redTime):

    now = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    nowSeconds = (((now.hour * 60) + now.minute) * 60) + now.second

    startSeconds = ((startTime.hour * 60) + startTime.minute) * 60
    secsStart = startSeconds - nowSeconds

    redSeconds = ((redTime.hour * 60) + redTime.minute) * 60
    nowSeconds = (((now.hour * 60) + now.minute) * 60) + now.second
    secsRed = redSeconds - nowSeconds

    return secsStart, secsRed

# =============================================================================
# This function references 8am and 8pm and checks to see if the current time is
# between these two time anchors. If it is, it'll implement the lights in the
# while loop. This is meant to be implemented for both the plant life and
# the automatic human routine.
# =============================================================================
def autoRoutine():
    now = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    autoStart = now.replace(hour=8, minute=0)

    stoptime = datetime.datetime.now().time()
    autoStop = stoptime.replace(hour=12, minute=29)
    #WS2812 code here that  the autoStart and autoStop

    if (now > autoStart and now < autoStop):
            keepprint = False 
#    
    while (keepprint == False):

        nowloop = datetime.datetime.now().time()
        #nowloop keeps track of the current time through each loop

        print("the lights are starting")
        time.sleep (1.0)
        if (nowloop >= autoStop):
            keepprint = True
        #this breaks the loop after the stop time

    print(autoStart.strftime("%H:%M"))

    return autoStart
# =============================================================================
# blueFade is the function call for the beginning of the day light start up and
# midday light continuity. This function will end at the end of the cycle and 
# will immediately be followed by the orangeFade() function. Also, this will 
# receive the redTime to determine when to stop the function right before the 
# red shift
# =============================================================================
def blueFade(redTime):    

    print("sanity")
    keepprint = False

    while (keepprint == False):
            nowloop = datetime.datetime.now().time()

            print("manual routine lights are on")
            time.sleep(1.0)
            if (nowloop >= redTime):
                keepprint = True

    print("the manual routine has stopped")

    #WS2812 code here
    #redTime will be used to end this code before redFade begins




# =============================================================================
# redFade is a function in where the fade from blue to a more reddish hue starts.
# Depending on when the user stated they wanted the red shift to start, this will
# begin at that time and then fade from blue, to a reddish hue, then to completely
# off. This will take exactly 30 minutes
# =============================================================================
def redFade():

    print("the red hue is being imprinted")

# =============================================================================
# Main function. Will be used to call all other functions. The 
# =============================================================================
if __name__=="__main__":

#    autoRoutine()

    startTime, redTime = userInput()

    timeComparator(startTime, redTime)

    secsBlue, secsRed = manualRoutine(startTime, redTime)

    bluelights = Timer(secsBlue, lambda: blueFade(redTime))
    redlights = Timer(secsRed, redTime)

    bluelights.start()
    redlights.start()

在上面的代码中，我想在后台运行autoRoutine（）以及蓝灯和红灯。现在，如果我知道如何在后面运行autoRoutine（），我可能会把它修复成蓝色和红灯计时器。提前感谢。

Answer 1

通过实现线程，可以在后台运行。线程（），传递任何需要的参数。大多数时候，我发现一个而True：循环工作得最好，所以线程将永远运行，但是有一些实例你可能想要。加入（）线程回到你的主执行流。我通常在some_global_variable==1时使用执行此操作，然后您可以从函数外部编辑它，或者只是等待线程自行到达指定函数的末尾。主流程看起来像这样：

import threading # standard library, no pip-install
import tkinter as tk
import time

start = time.time()

win = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label()
label.grid()

def worker_function():
    while True:
        now = time.time()
        elapsed = now - start
        label.configure(text='{:5.2}'.format(elapsed))

t = threading.Thread(target=worker_function, args=[])
t.daemon = True
t.start() # our thread will run until the end of the assigned function (worker_function here)
# this will never end because there is a while True: within worker_function

win.mainloop()

此外，您可以在提供的[]内为线程提供参数（即使只有1个参数，它也需要一个列表）。如果我们的功能是：

def worker_function(a, b, c, d):

我们的线程将创建为：

t = threading.Thread(target=worker_function, args=[a, b, c, d])

还要注意它是Target=worker_function而不是Target=worker_function（）