外键有问题。Django迁移

Question

我必须定义code.Spatial类，如主键和codels.LScharacteristic codels.PlannedUsing，如外键。当我尝试migrate:ProgrammingError:ERROR:foreign key约束中指定的id列不存在时，我遇到了这个问题。

UPD完整日志：上述异常是以下异常的直接原因：

回溯（最后一次调用）：文件“manage.py”，第23行，从命令行执行（sys.argv）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest venv/lib/python3.5/site packages/django/core/management/init.py”，第371行，从命令行执行实用程序.execute（）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/init.py”，第365行，在执行self.fetch_命令（子命令）中。从_-argv（self.argv）文件/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py中运行_，第288行，从_-argv-self.execute（*args，**cmd_选项）文件运行”/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py”，第335行，在执行输出=self.handle（*args，**选项）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py”，第200行，在handle-fake\u initial=fake\u initial，File”中/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py”，第117行，在migrate state=self.\u migrate\u all\u-forwards（state，plan，full\u-plan，fake=fake，fake\u-initial=fake\u initial）文件/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor“，第147行，在_migrate_all_forwards state=self.apply_migration（state，migration，fake=fake，fake_initial=fake_initial）文件/home/user/MyProjects/forest venv/lib/python3.5/site packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py”第244行，在apply_migration state=migration“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py”，第122行，在应用操作中。数据库转发（self.app标签，模式编辑器，旧状态，项目状态）文件/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py“，第216行，在数据库中转发schema_editor.alter_field（从_model，从_field，到_field）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest venv/lib/python3.5/site packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py”，第525行，在alter_field旧_db_params，新_db_params，strict）文件中“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/schema.py”，第122行，在'u alter_字段new_-db_-params，strict，File/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py'，'第750行，在'u alter_字段self.execute（self.'u.'create_-fk_-fk_-fk_-sql（model，new文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py”，第133行，在execute cursor.execute（sql，params）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py”，第100行，在execute return super（）.execute（sql，params）文件中/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py“，第68行，执行返回self.\u使用包装器执行（sql，params，many=False，executor=self.\u-execute）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py”，第77行，使用包装器执行返回执行器（sql，params，many，context）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py”，第85行，在执行返回self.cursor.execute（sql，params）文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/utils.py”，第89行，在退出时使用回溯（traceback）提高dj_执行值从exc_值文件“/home/user/MyProjects/forest-venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py”，第85行，执行返回self.cursor.execute（sql，参数）

但我的模型中没有id列：

from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from renter.models import RefAbstract, Renter
from django.contrib.gis.db import models
from textwrap import shorten


class Unitt(RefAbstract):
   ....//some classes
class Task(RefAbstract):
    class Meta(RefAbstract.Meta):
        verbose_name = 'task'
        verbose_name_plural = 'tasks'

class Spatial(models.Model):
    codeq = models.IntegerField('no',help_text='no') 
    code = models.PositiveIntegerField('cutare',primary_key=True,help_text='cutare')//unique column
    codeV = models.IntegerField('novi',help_text='novi') 
    renter = models.ForeignKey(Renter, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='renter')
    geometry = models.MultiPolygonField(geography=True, verbose_name='geometry')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'cutarea'
        verbose_name_plural = 'cutarea'


class LScharacteristic(models.Model):
    codels = models.ForeignKey(Spatial, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name = 'cutarea')// Foreign Key
    tract = models.CharField('tract',max_length = 80, help_text='tract') 
    task = models.ForeignKey(Task,  on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='task')
    totalarea = models.PositiveIntegerField('totarea',help_text = 'totarea')
    explarea = models.PositiveIntegerField('exarea',help_text = 'exarea')
    protecttype = models.CharField('category',max_length = 50, help_text = 'category')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'characteristic'
        verbose_name_plural = 'characteristics'

class PlannedUsing(models.Model):
    codels = models.ForeignKey(Spatial, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name = 'cutarea') // Foreign Key   
    codeq = models.IntegerField(help_text='number')
    cutareaShape = models.ForeignKey(CutareaShape, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='form')
    cuttype = models.ForeignKey(CutareaType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='type1')
    managetype = models.ForeignKey(ManageType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='type2')
    unit = models.ForeignKey(Unitt, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='unit')
    composition = models.ForeignKey(Composition, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='sort')
    assortment = models.ForeignKey(Assortment, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='assort)
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'planus'
        verbose_name_plural = 'planuss'

什么是id列？如果我没有定义id列，为什么id列存在？我怎样才能修好它？

Answer 1

你可以用

def __str__(self):
        return self.etat

或

def __int__(self):

具体来说，你在django模型上返回什么。像这样：

tests= models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="Test")
class Meta:
        verbose_name = "Tests"
        ordering = ['tests']

    def __str__(self):
        return self.tests

Answer 2

我认为问题在于您的ForeignKey字段没有明确指向您标记为primary的字段（Spatial.code）。通过将Spatial.code标记为primary，可以阻止Django创建id字段。请参阅文档，但如果将ForeignKey指向一个模型，它将尝试链接到该模型的id字段。要解决此问题，您可以将参数：添加到\u field='code'并将unique=True添加到Spatial.code。请参阅文档