从pem文件加载X509Certificate2。当用作客户端证书时，结果是没有可用的凭据

Question

我需要向服务器发出请求。此请求需要证书才能访问服务器。

如果我加载P12文件并将其注册为http客户端上的证书。它工作得很好。

var clientCertificate = new X509Certificate2(pathToTestCert, passToTestCert);
var handler = new HttpClientHandler();
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(clientCertificate );

但是，如果我使用CreateFromPemFile从pem文件加载证书。

var clientCertificate= X509Certificate2.CreateFromPemFile(purePem);
var handler = new HttpClientHandler();
handler.ClientCertificates.Add(clientCertificate);

我在向服务器发送请求时收到。

System.IO.IOException: The read operation failed, see inner exception.
 ---> System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception (0x8009030E): No credentials are available in the security package
   at System.Net.SSPIWrapper.AcquireCredentialsHandle(ISSPIInterface secModule, String package, CredentialUse intent, SCH_CREDENTIALS* scc)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStreamPal.AcquireCredentialsHandle(CredentialUse credUsage, SCH_CREDENTIALS* secureCredential)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStreamPal.AcquireCredentialsHandleSchCredentials(X509Certificate2 certificate, SslProtocols protocols, EncryptionPolicy policy, Boolean isServer)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStreamPal.AcquireCredentialsHandle(SslStreamCertificateContext certificateContext, SslProtocols protocols, EncryptionPolicy policy, Boolean isServer)
   at System.Net.Security.SecureChannel.AcquireClientCredentials(Byte[]& thumbPrint)
   at System.Net.Security.SecureChannel.GenerateToken(ReadOnlySpan`1 inputBuffer, Byte[]& output)
   at System.Net.Security.SecureChannel.NextMessage(ReadOnlySpan`1 incomingBuffer)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ProcessBlob(Int32 frameSize)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ReceiveBlobAsync[TIOAdapter](TIOAdapter adapter)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ForceAuthenticationAsync[TIOAdapter](TIOAdapter adapter, Boolean receiveFirst, Byte[] reAuthenticationData, Boolean isApm)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ReplyOnReAuthenticationAsync[TIOAdapter](TIOAdapter adapter, Byte[] buffer)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ReadAsyncInternal[TIOAdapter](TIOAdapter adapter, Memory`1 buffer)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ReadAsyncInternal[TIOAdapter](TIOAdapter adapter, Memory`1 buffer)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnection.InitialFillAsync(Boolean async)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnection.SendAsyncCore(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken
        

注意，如果在文本编辑器中打开pem文件，则其外观如下所示。

-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
.
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
.....
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
................
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
.................
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Answer 1

Windows上的TLS层要求将私钥写入磁盘（以特定方式）。基于PEM的证书加载不会这样做，只有PFX加载会。

使TLS层快乐的最简单方法是这样做

cert = new X509Certificate2(cert.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx));

也就是说，将证书密钥导出到PFX，然后立即再次导入（以获得密钥以SChannel可以找到的方式（暂时）写入磁盘的副作用）。您不需要费心更改PFX加载标志的默认值，尽管一些复杂的受限用户可能需要使用MachineKeySet。