如何使用python3创建虚拟环境

Question

我使用python 2.7虚拟环境版本1.10.1运行myproject项目。由于一些其他项目的要求，我必须使用Python的其他版本（Python 3.5）和Django 1.9。为此，我在我的用户目录中安装了python。此外，我已经下载并安装了虚拟环境（版本-15.1.0）到我的用户目录。但是每当我试图创建虚拟环境时，我都会遇到以下错误

python virtualenv/virtualenv.py myproject

Using base prefix '/home/myuser/python3'
New python executable in /home/mount/myuser/project_python3/myproject/bin/python
ERROR: The executable /home/mount/myuser/project_python3/myproject/bin/python is not functioning
ERROR: It thinks sys.prefix is '/home/myuser/python3' (should be '/home/mount/myuser/project_python3/myproject')
ERROR: virtualenv is not compatible with this system or executable

谁能告诉我我做错了什么

Answer 1

Python自3.3版以来已经附带了名为venv的内置“virtualenv”。您不再需要为Python 3.3安装或下载virtualenv脚本。

https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html

检查您的安装是否提供了pyvenv命令，该命令应负责创建“virtualenv”。参数类似于经典的virtualenv项目。

$ pyvenv --help
usage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear]
            [--upgrade] [--without-pip]
            ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]

Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.

positional arguments:
  ENV_DIR               A directory to create the environment in.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --system-site-packages
                        Give the virtual environment access to the system
                        site-packages dir.
  --symlinks            Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks
                        are not the default for the platform.
  --copies              Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when
                        symlinks are the default for the platform.
  --clear               Delete the contents of the environment directory if it
                        already exists, before environment creation.
  --upgrade             Upgrade the environment directory to use this version
                        of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place.
  --without-pip         Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual
                        environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)

Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. by
sourcing an activate script in its bin directory.

Answer 2

创建虚拟环境的步骤

virtualenv -p python3 venv_name 

这将在baseDirectory/bin/python3中创建新的python可执行文件

如何激活新创建的Venv：

cd baseDirectory/bin/  

source activate  

停用新venv

deactivate 

更新1

由于现在推荐使用venv来创建虚拟环境，因此该方法已被贬低。请检查此链接以获取更新的答案

Answer 3

在Python3.6中，pyvenv模块已被弃用。改用以下一个衬垫：

python3 -m venv <myenvname>

这是Python社区推荐的创建虚拟环境的方法。