如何使用fx：id JavaFx查看网页

Question

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.web.WebEngine;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {

    @FXML public VBox VBOX;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception{
        Parent main = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("launcher.fxml"));

        primaryStage.setTitle("Dev Launcher");
        primaryStage.setWidth(900);
        primaryStage.setHeight(560);

        Scene scene = new Scene(new Group());
        VBOX = new VBox();
        final WebView browser = new WebView();
        final WebEngine webEngine = browser.getEngine();
        webEngine.load("http://google.com");

        VBOX.getChildren().addAll(browser);
        scene.setRoot(main);

        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.setResizable(false);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.geometry.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.effect.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.text.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.web.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>
<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>

<BorderPane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity" minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity" prefWidth="900.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="sample.Controller">
   <bottom>
      <ToolBar prefHeight="40.0" prefWidth="200.0" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
        <items>
            <GridPane alignment="CENTER" prefHeight="57.0" prefWidth="883.0">
              <columnConstraints>
                <ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" maxWidth="375.2518005371094" minWidth="10.0" prefWidth="154.2821502685547" />
                <ColumnConstraints halignment="CENTER" hgrow="ALWAYS" maxWidth="550.5108489990234" minWidth="0.0" prefWidth="481.0280303955078" />
                  <ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" maxWidth="173.30714416503906" minWidth="10.0" prefWidth="154.2821502685547" />
              </columnConstraints>
              <rowConstraints>
                <RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
              </rowConstraints>
               <children>
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" prefHeight="57.0" prefWidth="286.0" text="Play" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.halignment="CENTER">
                     <font>
                        <Font name="System Bold" size="13.0" />
                     </font>
                  </Button>
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" prefHeight="30.0" prefWidth="85.0" text="Website" GridPane.halignment="RIGHT" GridPane.valignment="CENTER" />
                <Button mnemonicParsing="false" prefHeight="30.0" prefWidth="85.0" text="About" GridPane.valignment="CENTER" />
                  <Label text="Version: " GridPane.columnIndex="2" GridPane.halignment="LEFT" GridPane.hgrow="SOMETIMES" GridPane.valignment="CENTER" GridPane.vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
                  <Label prefWidth="120.0" text="0.0.1" GridPane.columnIndex="2" GridPane.halignment="RIGHT" GridPane.valignment="CENTER" GridPane.vgrow="SOMETIMES">
                     <GridPane.margin>
                        <Insets left="-100.0" />
                     </GridPane.margin>
                  </Label>
               </children>
            </GridPane>
        </items>
      </ToolBar>
   </bottom>
   <center>
      <TabPane nodeOrientation="LEFT_TO_RIGHT" prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0" tabClosingPolicy="UNAVAILABLE" BorderPane.alignment="CENTER">
        <tabs>
          <Tab text="Update Notes">
            <content>
              <AnchorPane minHeight="0.0" minWidth="0.0" prefHeight="180.0" prefWidth="200.0">
                     <children>
                        <ScrollPane layoutX="1.0" AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="10.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="10.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="10.0" AnchorPane.topAnchor="10.0">
                           <content>
                              <AnchorPane prefHeight="450.0" prefWidth="862.0">
                                 <children>
                                    <VBox fx:id="VBOX" alignment="CENTER" prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="100.0" AnchorPane.bottomAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.leftAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.rightAnchor="0.0" AnchorPane.topAnchor="0.0" />
                                 </children>
                              </AnchorPane>
                           </content>
                        </ScrollPane>
                     </children>
                  </AnchorPane>
            </content>
          </Tab>
          <Tab text="Game Log">
            <content>
              <AnchorPane minHeight="0.0" minWidth="0.0" prefHeight="180.0" prefWidth="200.0" />
            </content>
          </Tab>
        </tabs>
      </TabPane>
   </center>
</BorderPane>

对于Controller类，我没有太多内容：

import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Controller {

    @FXML private VBox VBOX;

}

Answer 1

您的应用程序需要做的只是维护应用程序生命周期（例如，启动应用程序，执行start方法，将初始场景加载到stage，显示stage，根据需要停止应用程序）。这对它来说已经足够了，其他逻辑可以委托给程序中的其他类（如控制器）。控制器是由FXMLLoader创建的，并且FXMLLoader足够聪明，可以为场景图创建底层节点，并自动将其连接到控制器中，这一事实使得这种委派变得轻松。

因此，您不需要（也不应该）将标记为@fxml的对象设置为新值。例如，声明:@fxml public VBox VBox；，然后稍后调用:VBox=new VBox()；是错误的。

您也不应该在应用程序中设置@fxml字段，因为这没有任何意义。@fxml仅在控制器中才有意义。应用程序通常不是（也不应该是）控制器。如果是这样，就会引起问题，因为通常情况下，当您加载新的FXML时，FXMLLoader会创建一个新的控制器。在应用程序中有多个应用程序实例是没有意义的，一个是由java launcher创建的，另一个是由FXMLLoader创建的（这只会极大地混淆您）。有关这方面的更多信息，请参见JavaFX控制器类not working。

记住这一点，您的代码可以按照如下所示进行重构。

取样.主要

package sample;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {    
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception{
        Parent main = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("launcher.fxml"));

        primaryStage.setTitle("Dev Launcher");
        primaryStage.setWidth(900);
        primaryStage.setHeight(560);

        Scene scene = new Scene(main);

        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.setResizable(false);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

采样控制器

package sample;

import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.web.WebEngine;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;

public class Controller {
    @FXML private VBox vbox;

    public void initialize() {
        final WebView browser = new WebView();
        final WebEngine webEngine = browser.getEngine();
        webEngine.load("http://google.com");

        vbox.getChildren().addAll(browser);
    }
}