硒：网络驱动程序异常：浏览器无法启动：崩溃，因为谷歌浏览器不再运行，所以Chrome驱动程序假设浏览器已经崩溃

Question

最近我换了电脑，从那以后我不能用硒启动chrome。我也尝试过Firefox，但浏览器实例就是无法启动。

from selenium import webdriver

d = webdriver.Chrome('/home/PycharmProjects/chromedriver')

d.get('https://www.google.nl/')

我得到以下错误:

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.43.600233, platform=Linux 4.15.0-38-generic x86_64)

我安装了最新的chrome版本和chrome驱动程序

编辑：尝试@b0sss解决方案后，我收到以下错误。

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (chrome not reachable)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome is no longer running, so chromedriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.43.600233 (523efee95e3d68b8719b3a1c83051aa63aa6b10d),platform=Linux 4.15.0-38-generic x86_64)

Answer 1

希望这对某人有所帮助。这在Ubuntu 18.10上对我有效

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless")
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chromedriver', options=chrome_options)
driver.get('http://www.google.com')
print('test')
driver.close()

Answer 2

此错误消息...

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/google/chrome/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

…意味着ChromeDriver无法启动/生成新的WebBrowser，即Chrome浏览器会话。

您的主要问题是Chrome浏览器未安装在系统的默认位置。

服务器(即ChromeDriver)希望您将Chrome安装在每个系统的默认位置，如下图所示:

¹对于Linux系统，ChromeDriver希望/usr/bin/google chrome是实际chrome二进制文件的符号链接。

如果您在非标准位置使用 Chrome 可执行文件，则必须覆盖 Chrome 二进制位置，如下所示：

> < li>

Python解决方案:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.binary_location = "C:\\path\\to\\chrome.exe"    #chrome binary location specified here
options.add_argument("--start-maximized") #open Browser in maximized mode
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox") #bypass OS security model
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage") #overcome limited resource problems
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\path\to\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get('http://google.com/')

Java解决方案：

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Utility\\BrowserDrivers\\chromedriver.exe");
ChromeOptions opt = new ChromeOptions();
opt.setBinary("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe");  //chrome binary location specified here
options.addArguments("start-maximized");
options.setExperimentalOption("excludeSwitches", Collections.singletonList("enable-automation"));
options.setExperimentalOption("useAutomationExtension", false);
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(opt);
driver.get("https://www.google.com/");

Answer 3

尝试在这里下载并使用这个最新的chrome驱动程序版本：

• https://sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/

试试这个：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
d = webdriver.Chrome('/home/<user>/chromedriver',chrome_options=chrome_options)
d.get('https://www.google.nl/')