如何在Flutter/Dart中导入特定于平台的依赖项？（将Web与Android/iOS结合起来）

Question

import 'package:some_project/stub/preference_utils_stub.dart'
    if (dart.library.html) 'dart:html'
    if (dart.library.io) 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

Window window;

class SharedPreferences {
  static Future<SharedPreferences> get getInstance async {}
  setString(String key, String value) {}
  getString(String key) {}
}

class Window {
  Map<String, String> localStorage;
}

static Future<String> getString(String key) async {
    if (kIsWeb) {
       return window.localStorage[key];
    }
    SharedPreferences preferences = await SharedPreferences.getInstance;
    return preferences.getString(key);
}

然而，这会产生大量错误：

lib/utils/preference_utils.dart:13:7: Error: Getter not found:
'window'.
      window.localStorage[key] = value;
      ^^^^^^ lib/utils/preference_utils.dart:15:39: Error: A value of type 'Future<SharedPreferences> Function()' can't be assigned to a
variable of type 'SharedPreferences'.
 - 'Future' is from 'dart:async'.
 - 'SharedPreferences' is from 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart'
('../../flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.4+3/lib/shared_preferences.dart').
      SharedPreferences preferences = await SharedPreferences.getInstance;
                                      ^ lib/utils/preference_utils.dart:22:14: Error: Getter not found:
'window'.
      return window.localStorage[key];

诸如此类。如何根据平台使用不同的方法/类而不出现这些错误？请注意，我这样使用了更多的依赖关系，而不仅仅是首选项。谢了！

Answer 1

以下是我对你的问题的看法。这是基于HTTP包中的实现，如下所示。

其核心思想如下。

1. 创建一个抽象类来定义需要使用的方法。
2. 创建特定于Web和Android依赖项的实现，这些依赖项扩展了这个抽象类。
3. 创建一个存根，该存根公开一个方法以返回该抽象实现的实例。这只是为了让飞镖分析工具开心。
在抽象类中，
4. 导入此存根文件，以及特定于Mobile和Web的条件导入。然后在其工厂构造函数中返回特定实现的实例。如果写得正确，将通过条件导入自动处理。

import 'key_finder_stub.dart'
    // ignore: uri_does_not_exist
    if (dart.library.io) 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/shared_pref_key_finder.dart'
    // ignore: uri_does_not_exist
    if (dart.library.html) 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/web_key_finder.dart';

abstract class KeyFinder {

  // some generic methods to be exposed.

  /// returns a value based on the key
  String getKeyValue(String key) {
    return "I am from the interface";
  }

  /// stores a key value pair in the respective storage.
  void setKeyValue(String key, String value) {}

  /// factory constructor to return the correct implementation.
  factory KeyFinder() => getKeyFinder();
}

import 'dart:html';

import 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/key_finder_interface.dart';

Window windowLoc;

class WebKeyFinder implements KeyFinder {

  WebKeyFinder() {
    windowLoc = window;
    print("Widnow is initialized");
    // storing something initially just to make sure it works. :)
    windowLoc.localStorage["MyKey"] = "I am from web local storage";
  }

  String getKeyValue(String key) {
    return windowLoc.localStorage[key];
  }

  void setKeyValue(String key, String value) {
    windowLoc.localStorage[key] = value;
  }  
}

KeyFinder getKeyFinder() => WebKeyFinder();

import 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/key_finder_interface.dart';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';

class SharedPrefKeyFinder implements KeyFinder {
  SharedPreferences _instance;

  SharedPrefKeyFinder() {
    SharedPreferences.getInstance().then((SharedPreferences instance) {
      _instance = instance;
      // Just initializing something so that it can be fetched.
      _instance.setString("MyKey", "I am from Shared Preference");
    });
  }

  String getKeyValue(String key) {
    return _instance?.getString(key) ??
        'shared preference is not yet initialized';
  }

  void setKeyValue(String key, String value) {
    _instance?.setString(key, value);
  }

}

KeyFinder getKeyFinder() => SharedPrefKeyFinder();

import 'key_finder_interface.dart';

KeyFinder getKeyFinder() => throw UnsupportedError(
    'Cannot create a keyfinder without the packages dart:html or package:shared_preferences');

然后在main.dart中使用keyfinder抽象类，就像它是一个泛型实现一样。这有点像适配器模式。

main.dart

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_conditional_dependencies_example/storage/key_finder_interface.dart';

void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    KeyFinder keyFinder = KeyFinder();
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: SafeArea(
        child: KeyValueWidget(
          keyFinder: keyFinder,
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class KeyValueWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  final KeyFinder keyFinder;

  KeyValueWidget({this.keyFinder});
  @override
  _KeyValueWidgetState createState() => _KeyValueWidgetState();
}

class _KeyValueWidgetState extends State<KeyValueWidget> {
  String key = "MyKey";
  TextEditingController _keyTextController = TextEditingController();
  TextEditingController _valueTextController = TextEditingController();
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Material(
      child: Container(
        width: 200.0,
        child: Column(
          children: <Widget>[
            Expanded(
              child: Text(
                '$key / ${widget.keyFinder.getKeyValue(key)}',
                style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20.0, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold),
              ),
            ),
            Expanded(
              child: TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(
                  labelText: "Key",
                  border: OutlineInputBorder(),
                ),
                controller: _keyTextController,
              ),
            ),
            Expanded(
              child: TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(
                  labelText: "Value",
                  border: OutlineInputBorder(),
                ),
                controller: _valueTextController,
              ),
            ),
            RaisedButton(
              child: Text('Save new Key/Value Pair'),
              onPressed: () {
                widget.keyFinder.setKeyValue(
                  _keyTextController.text,
                  _valueTextController.text,
                );
                setState(() {
                  key = _keyTextController.text;
                });
              },
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

一些屏幕截图