验证谷歌开放ID连接JWT ID令牌

Question

我正在尝试升级我的MVC网站以使用新的OpenID Connect标准。OWIN中间件似乎非常健壮，但不幸的是只支持“form_post”响应类型。这意味着Google不兼容，因为它在“#”之后返回url中的所有令牌，因此它们永远不会到达服务器，也永远不会触发中间件。

我自己尝试过在中间件中触发响应处理程序，但似乎根本不起作用，所以我有一个简单的javascript文件，它解析出返回的声明，并将它们发送到控制器操作进行处理。

问题是，即使我在服务器端获取它们，也无法正确解析它们。我得到的错误看起来像这样：

IDX10500: Signature validation failed. Unable to resolve     
SecurityKeyIdentifier: 'SecurityKeyIdentifier
(
   IsReadOnly = False,
   Count = 1,
   Clause[0] = System.IdentityModel.Tokens.NamedKeySecurityKeyIdentifierClause
),
token: '{
    "alg":"RS256",
    "kid":"073a3204ec09d050f5fd26460d7ddaf4b4ec7561"
}.
{
    "iss":"accounts.google.com",
    "sub":"100330116539301590598",
    "azp":"1061880999501-b47blhmmeprkvhcsnqmhfc7t20gvlgfl.apps.googleusercontent.com",
    "nonce":"7c8c3656118e4273a397c7d58e108eb1",
    "email_verified":true,
    "aud":"1061880999501-b47blhmmeprkvhcsnqmhfc7t20gvlgfl.apps.googleusercontent.com",
    "iat":1429556543,"exp\":1429560143
    }'."
}

我的令牌验证码遵循好人开发身份服务器概述的例子

    private async Task<IEnumerable<Claim>> ValidateIdentityTokenAsync(string idToken, string state)
    {
        // New Stuff
        var token = new JwtSecurityToken(idToken);
        var jwtHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
        byte[][] certBytes = getGoogleCertBytes();

        for (int i = 0; i < certBytes.Length; i++)
        {
            var certificate = new X509Certificate2(certBytes[i]);
            var certToken = new X509SecurityToken(certificate);

            // Set up token validation
            var tokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters();
            tokenValidationParameters.ValidAudience = googleClientId;
            tokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningToken = certToken;
            tokenValidationParameters.ValidIssuer = "accounts.google.com";

            try
            {
                // Validate
                SecurityToken jwt;
                var claimsPrincipal = jwtHandler.ValidateToken(idToken, tokenValidationParameters, out jwt);
                if (claimsPrincipal != null)
                {
                    // Valid
                    idTokenStatus = "Valid";
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                if (idTokenStatus != "Valid")
                {
                    // Invalid?

                }
            }
        }

        return token.Claims;
    }

    private byte[][] getGoogleCertBytes()
    {
        // The request will be made to the authentication server.
        WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(
            "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs"
        );

        StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(request.GetResponse().GetResponseStream());

        string responseFromServer = reader.ReadToEnd();

        String[] split = responseFromServer.Split(':');

        // There are two certificates returned from Google
        byte[][] certBytes = new byte[2][];
        int index = 0;
        UTF8Encoding utf8 = new UTF8Encoding();
        for (int i = 0; i < split.Length; i++)
        {
            if (split[i].IndexOf(beginCert) > 0)
            {
                int startSub = split[i].IndexOf(beginCert);
                int endSub = split[i].IndexOf(endCert) + endCert.Length;
                certBytes[index] = utf8.GetBytes(split[i].Substring(startSub, endSub).Replace("\\n", "\n"));
                index++;
            }
        }
        return certBytes;
    }

我知道签名验证对于JWT来说并不是完全必要的，但我丝毫不知道如何关闭它。

Answer 1

微软的人员发布了支持 OpenId 连接的 Azure V2 B2C 预览版终结点的代码示例。请参阅此处，使用帮助程序类 OpenId 连接获取安全性提供代码简化如下：

app.UseOAuthBearerAuthentication(new OAuthBearerAuthenticationOptions
{
    AccessTokenFormat = new JwtFormat(new TokenValidationParameters
    {
       ValidAudiences = new[] { googleClientId },
    }, new OpenIdConnectCachingSecurityTokenProvider("https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration"))});

这个类是必需的，因为OAuthBearer中间件不利用它。默认情况下，STS公开的OpenID连接元数据endpoint。

public class OpenIdConnectCachingSecurityTokenProvider : IIssuerSecurityTokenProvider
{
    public ConfigurationManager<OpenIdConnectConfiguration> _configManager;
    private string _issuer;
    private IEnumerable<SecurityToken> _tokens;
    private readonly string _metadataEndpoint;

    private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _synclock = new ReaderWriterLockSlim();

    public OpenIdConnectCachingSecurityTokenProvider(string metadataEndpoint)
    {
        _metadataEndpoint = metadataEndpoint;
        _configManager = new ConfigurationManager<OpenIdConnectConfiguration>(metadataEndpoint);

        RetrieveMetadata();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the issuer the credentials are for.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value>
    /// The issuer the credentials are for.
    /// </value>
    public string Issuer
    {
        get
        {
            RetrieveMetadata();
            _synclock.EnterReadLock();
            try
            {
                return _issuer;
            }
            finally
            {
                _synclock.ExitReadLock();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets all known security tokens.
    /// </summary>
    /// <value>
    /// All known security tokens.
    /// </value>
    public IEnumerable<SecurityToken> SecurityTokens
    {
        get
        {
            RetrieveMetadata();
            _synclock.EnterReadLock();
            try
            {
                return _tokens;
            }
            finally
            {
                _synclock.ExitReadLock();
            }
        }
    }

    private void RetrieveMetadata()
    {
        _synclock.EnterWriteLock();
        try
        {
            OpenIdConnectConfiguration config = _configManager.GetConfigurationAsync().Result;
            _issuer = config.Issuer;
            _tokens = config.SigningTokens;
        }
        finally
        {
            _synclock.ExitWriteLock();
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

问题是JWT中的孩子，其值是密钥的密钥标识符，用于对JWT进行签名。由于您从JWKs URI手动构建证书数组，因此您会丢失密钥标识符信息。但是验证过程需要它。

您需要将令牌验证参数.颁发者签名密钥解析器设置为一个函数，该函数将返回您在令牌验证参数中设置的相同密钥。此委托的目的是指示运行时忽略任何“匹配”语义，只尝试键。

更多信息请参见本文:JwtSecurityTokenHandler 4.0.0重大变更？

编辑：代码：

tokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningKeyResolver = (token, securityToken, kid, validationParameters) => { return new X509SecurityKey(certificate); };

Answer 3

我想我会发布使用JSON的稍微改进的版本。Net解析Google的X509证书，并根据“kid”（密钥id）匹配要使用的密钥。这比尝试每个证书更有效，因为非对称加密通常非常昂贵。

还删除了过时的 Web 客户端和手动字符串解析代码：

    static Lazy<Dictionary<string, X509Certificate2>> Certificates = new Lazy<Dictionary<string, X509Certificate2>>( FetchGoogleCertificates );
    static Dictionary<string, X509Certificate2> FetchGoogleCertificates()
    {
        using (var http = new HttpClient())
        {
            var json = http.GetStringAsync( "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs" ).Result;

            var dictionary = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, string>>( json );
            return dictionary.ToDictionary( x => x.Key, x => new X509Certificate2( Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( x.Value ) ) );
        }
    }

    JwtSecurityToken ValidateIdentityToken( string idToken )
    {
        var token = new JwtSecurityToken( idToken );
        var jwtHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();

        var certificates = Certificates.Value;

        try
        {
            // Set up token validation
            var tokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters();
            tokenValidationParameters.ValidAudience = _clientId;
            tokenValidationParameters.ValidIssuer = "accounts.google.com";
            tokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningTokens = certificates.Values.Select( x => new X509SecurityToken( x ) );
            tokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningKeys = certificates.Values.Select( x => new X509SecurityKey( x ) );
            tokenValidationParameters.IssuerSigningKeyResolver = ( s, securityToken, identifier, parameters ) =>
            {
                return identifier.Select( x =>
                {
                    if (!certificates.ContainsKey( x.Id ))
                        return null;

                    return new X509SecurityKey( certificates[ x.Id ] );
                } ).First( x => x != null );
            };

            SecurityToken jwt;
            var claimsPrincipal = jwtHandler.ValidateToken( idToken, tokenValidationParameters, out jwt );
            return (JwtSecurityToken)jwt;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _trace.Error( typeof( GoogleOAuth2OpenIdHybridClient ).Name, ex );
            return null;
        }
    }