Jpa审核的测试配置

Question

我正在尝试在Spring Boot应用程序中使用Spring数据、Hibernate Envers和审计。我已配置AuditorAwareImpl

public class AuditorAwareImpl implements AuditorAware<String> {

    @Override
    public Optional<String> getCurrentAuditor() {
        return Optional.of("Default auditor");
    }
}

和配置类。

@Configuration
@EnableJpaAuditing(auditorAwareRef = "auditorProvider")
public class AuditingConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public AuditorAware<String> auditorProvider() {
        return new AuditorAwareImpl();
    }
}

现在我想为集成测试创建AuditorAware。我已经用test auditor创建了新的配置类

@Configuration
@Profile("test")
@EnableJpaAuditing(auditorAwareRef = "testAuditorProvider")
public class TestAuditingConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @Primary
    public AuditorAware<String> testAuditorProvider() {
        return () -> Optional.of("Test auditor");
    }

}

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class AuditingApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private AuditorAware<String> auditorAware;

    @Autowired
    private MovieRepository movieRepository;

    @Test
    public void testCurrentAuditor() {
        String currentAuditor = auditorAware.getCurrentAuditor().get();
        assertEquals("Test auditor", currentAuditor);
    }

    @Test
    public void movieRepositoryTest() {
        Movie movie = new Movie("Movie");
        movieRepository.save(movie);

        List<Movie> movies = movieRepository.findAll();
        Movie result = movies.get(0);
        assertEquals("Test auditor", result.getCreatedBy());
    }
}

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionOverrideException: Invalid bean definition with name 'jpaAuditingHandler' defined in null: Cannot register bean definition [Root bean: class [org.springframework.data.auditing.AuditingHandler]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null] for bean 'jpaAuditingHandler': There is already [Root bean: class [org.springframework.data.auditing.AuditingHandler]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null] bound.

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException:  Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'auditorAware'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.data.domain.AuditorAware<java.lang.String>' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate

但是在添加@import(TestAuditingConfiguration.class)之后，它的工作方式是I excepted-result.GetCreatedBy()返回Test Auditor。所以最后我的测试类看起来是：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@Import(TestAuditingConfiguration.class)
public class AuditingApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private AuditorAware<String> auditorAware;

    @Autowired
    private MovieRepository movieRepository;

    @Test
    public void testCurrentAuditor() {
        String currentAuditor = auditorAware.getCurrentAuditor().get();
        assertEquals("Test auditor", currentAuditor);
    }

    @Test
    public void movieRepositoryTest() {
        Movie movie = new Movie("Movie");
        movieRepository.save(movie);

        List<Movie> movies = movieRepository.findAll();
        Movie result = movies.get(0);
        assertEquals("Test auditor", result.getCreatedBy());
    }

}

现在我真的很困惑bean是如何在特定的概要文件中使用的，以及@springboottest和@datajpatest是如何工作的。为什么@import对@datajpatest很重要？谁能解释一下，数据库测试的首选方法是什么？

Answer 1

@datajpatest只是一组注释的快捷方式。参见https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/api/org/springframework/boot/test/autocigure/orm/jpa/datajpatest.html

它基本上只创建与JPA和Spring Data JPA相关的Regsited bean的ApplicationContext。

@springboottest使用应用程序中的所有内容创建一个完整的ApplicationContext。它通过扫描类路径以查找用@configuration注释的类来找到其中的很多。

因此，它将包含更多的“东西”，在您的示例中包含两个@auditorawarebean。Spring内部的一些“魔术”试图从中创建JPAAuditingHandlerbean。由于有两个auditorawarebean，我们最终得到两个同名bean，这是不可接受的。参见Spring boot 2.1 bean覆盖与主覆盖。您可能可以启用bean重写，但不推荐这样做。

对于@datajpatest，这些配置是找不到的，您最终没有auditorawarebean。通过导入正确的配置，您就可以得到您所需要的用于测试的bean，一切都很顺利。

哪一种是更好的方法取决于您运行测试的方式，最终可能主要取决于您的品味。