Spring-boot-test依赖项必须手动导入，尽管它们存在于spring-boot-starter-parent-why中？

Question

我正在运行一个带有spring-boot-starter依赖项的Spring Boot应用程序，如果我不导入以下测试依赖项，我将面临测试用例中的编译错误

• spring-boot-test
• Spring测试
• AssertJ-核心

我的理解是这些已经存在于spring-boot-starter-parent中，我也可以看到它们。但是，由于编译时错误，我被迫将它们导入到pom.xml中，如下所示，但随后我会得到以下警告：

复制用于spring-boot-test的托管版本1.5.6发行版

复制用于spring-test的托管版本4.3.10.Release

与assertj-core类似

 <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <json.version>20160810</json.version>   
</properties>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler</groupId>
        <artifactId>ecj</artifactId>
        <version>4.6.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.hateoas</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-hateoas</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    </dependency> -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
        <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.json</groupId>
        <artifactId>json</artifactId>
        <version>${json.version}</version>
    </dependency>

下面是我的代码中如果不包含测试依赖项就会出现编译错误的部分。如果不存在依赖项，则无法导入@SpringBootTest和TestRestTemplate。

import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) 
public class MatchControllerTest {

    // Test RestTemplate to invoke the APIs.
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate testRestTemplate;
    //....and other part of the code

为什么会出现这种情况？

1. 如果测试依赖项已经存在于spring-boot-starter-parent中，为什么必须手动将它们包含在pom.xml中
2. 一旦包含，它就会显示一个重复托管版本警告（可能是正确的...）。

我可能做了什么傻事/错事--请帮帮我！

Answer 1

正如您在POM中所看到的：

<dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Spring Boot -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
                <type>test-jar</type>
                <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
 ...

依赖项位于标记 之下。这意味着，如果您在项目中需要它，您将获得1.5.6.release版本

所以你只需要加上

  <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>