使用TypeAdapter为对象中的一个变量（多个变量中的一个）定制seralizer

Question

public class MyClass extends SomeClass {

@Expose private HashMap<String, MyObject1> lists;
@Expose private HashMap<String, MyObject2> sources;
private LinkedHashMap<String, SomeClass> customSerializeThis;
    [snip]
}

Answer 1

这是一个很好的问题，因为它隔离了一些应该很容易但实际上需要大量代码的东西。

首先，编写一个抽象的typeAdapterFactory，为您提供修改传出数据的钩子。这个示例使用了GSON2.2中的一个新API，名为getdelegateadapter()，它允许您查找Gson默认使用的适配器。如果您只想调整标准行为，委托适配器非常方便。与完整的自定义类型适配器不同，当您添加和删除字段时，它们将自动保持最新状态。

public abstract class CustomizedTypeAdapterFactory<C>
    implements TypeAdapterFactory {
  private final Class<C> customizedClass;

  public CustomizedTypeAdapterFactory(Class<C> customizedClass) {
    this.customizedClass = customizedClass;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // we use a runtime check to guarantee that 'C' and 'T' are equal
  public final <T> TypeAdapter<T> create(Gson gson, TypeToken<T> type) {
    return type.getRawType() == customizedClass
        ? (TypeAdapter<T>) customizeMyClassAdapter(gson, (TypeToken<C>) type)
        : null;
  }

  private TypeAdapter<C> customizeMyClassAdapter(Gson gson, TypeToken<C> type) {
    final TypeAdapter<C> delegate = gson.getDelegateAdapter(this, type);
    final TypeAdapter<JsonElement> elementAdapter = gson.getAdapter(JsonElement.class);
    return new TypeAdapter<C>() {
      @Override public void write(JsonWriter out, C value) throws IOException {
        JsonElement tree = delegate.toJsonTree(value);
        beforeWrite(value, tree);
        elementAdapter.write(out, tree);
      }
      @Override public C read(JsonReader in) throws IOException {
        JsonElement tree = elementAdapter.read(in);
        afterRead(tree);
        return delegate.fromJsonTree(tree);
      }
    };
  }

  /**
   * Override this to muck with {@code toSerialize} before it is written to
   * the outgoing JSON stream.
   */
  protected void beforeWrite(C source, JsonElement toSerialize) {
  }

  /**
   * Override this to muck with {@code deserialized} before it parsed into
   * the application type.
   */
  protected void afterRead(JsonElement deserialized) {
  }
}

上面的类使用默认序列化获得JSON树（由JSONElement表示），然后调用钩子方法BeforeWrite()允许子类自定义该树。类似地，对于使用afterread()进行反序列化。

private class MyClassTypeAdapterFactory extends CustomizedTypeAdapterFactory<MyClass> {
  private MyClassTypeAdapterFactory() {
    super(MyClass.class);
  }

  @Override protected void beforeWrite(MyClass source, JsonElement toSerialize) {
    JsonObject custom = toSerialize.getAsJsonObject().get("custom").getAsJsonObject();
    custom.add("size", new JsonPrimitive(custom.entrySet().size()));
  }

  @Override protected void afterRead(JsonElement deserialized) {
    JsonObject custom = deserialized.getAsJsonObject().get("custom").getAsJsonObject();
    custom.remove("size");
  }
}

Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()
    .registerTypeAdapterFactory(new MyClassTypeAdapterFactory())
    .create();