添加多个服务时，Springboot集成测试失败

Question

我有一个SpringBoot应用程序，它有一个控制器类、一个服务和一个存储库，运行得非常好。我已经为相同的应用程序添加了Junit测试用例，而且效果也非常好。

@RestController
public class EmployeeController{
    @Autowired
    EmployeeService service;

    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<Employee> getEmployee(){
       return service.findAll();
    }
}


@Service
public class EmployeeService{
   
   @Autowired
   EmployeeRepository repository;

   public List<Employee> findAll(){
      return repository.findAll();
   }
}

@Repository
public interface EmployeeRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee, String>{}

下面是测试类。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = EmployeeController.class)
class EmployeeControllerIntegrationTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    private EmployeeService service;

    @Test
    public void findAllEmployeeTest(){
    }
}

测试用例一直通过，但目前我正在添加另一个API，如下所示，所有测试都失败了。

@RestController
public class DepartmentController{
    @Autowired
    DepartmentService service;

    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<Department> getDepartment(){
       return service.findAll();
    }
}


@Service
public class DepartmentService{
   
   @Autowired
   DepartmentRepository repository;

   public List<Department> findAll(){
      return repository.findAll();
   }
}
@Repository
public interface DepartmentRepository extends JpaRepository<Department, String>{}

下面是测试类。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(value = DepartmentController.class)
class DepartmentControllerIntegrationTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @MockBean
    private DepartmentService service;

    @Test
    public void findAllDepartmentTest(){
    }
}

添加部门服务后，测试用例失败，错误如下：

Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'departmentController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'departmentService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'departmentService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'repository'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.employeeapp.data.repository.DepartmentRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

干杯！

Answer 1

没有可用的com.employeeapp.data.repository.DepartmentRepository类型的限定bean：预期至少有1个bean有资格作为自动连接候选。

Spring查找TYPE的bean：DepartmentRepository。

1. 定义Bean

@Repository
public interface DepartmentRepository extends JpaRepository<Department, String>{}

在这里添加注释@Repository，这样Spring就可以将DepartmentRepository转换为Bean。

java prettyprint-override">@Service
public class DepartmentService{
   
   @Autowired
   private DepartmentRepository repository; // The best practice is to write the full bean name here departmentRepository.

   public List<Department> findAll(){
      return repository.findAll();
   }
}

Answer 2

据我所见，您试图通过模仿您的服务来进行IT测试。在IT测试中，您不会嘲笑您的服务。在集成测试中，您测试所有组件是否协同工作。如果您不模拟存储库，那么它更像是一个E2E测试（端到端测试所有交互路径）。

如果没有要测试的逻辑和/或不想在数据库中写入，则可以模拟存储库。

因此，如果是单元测试，您可以尝试（它在我的项目中工作），我使用JUnit5（org.Junit.jupiter）

    @WebMvcTest(DepartementController.class)
    public class DepartementControllerTest {
    
      @MockBean
      private DepartmentService departmentService;
    
    
      @Autowired
      MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @Test
    public void findAllTest(){
     // You can create a list for the mock to return
    when(departmentService.findAll()).thenReturn(anyList<>);
    
    //check if the controller return something
    assertNotNull(departmentController.findAll());
    
    //you check if the controller call the service
    Mockito.verify(departmentService, Mockito.times(1)).findAll(anyList());
    }

那是单元测试。

It测试更像是

    @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
    @SpringBootTest
    public class DepartmentIT {
    
    
      @Autowired
      DepartmentService departmentService;
    
      @Autowired
      private WebApplicationContext wac;
    
      private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
      @BeforeEach
      void setUp() {
        this.mockMvc =
                MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac)
                        .build();
      }
    
      @Test
      void departmentFindAll() throws Exception {
        MvcResult mvcResult = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/YOUR_CONTROLLER_URL")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().is(200))
                .andReturn();
    
        
assertTrue(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString().contains("SOMETHING_EXPECTED"));
        assertTrue(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString().contains("SOMETHING_EXPECTED"));
        assertTrue(mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString().contains("SOMETHING_EXPECTED"));
    
    //You also can check its not an empty list, no errors are thrown etc...
    
      }

进口使用，所以你不会搜索太多

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;