Python-在遍历XML文件、搜索文本并在需要时替换它时遇到问题

Question

我有几千个。XML文件。一些文本需要更改，因为文件是用错误的标签生成的。我需要在给定的目录中遍历所有这些文件，并在需要的地方进行更改。以下是目录中文件的示例：

<annotation>
    <folder>resized</folder>
    <filename>P123584521_009.jpg</filename>
    <path>D:\Users\path_to_image\P123584521_009.jpg</path>
    <source>
        <database>Unknown</database>
    </source>
    <size>
        <width>1024</width>
        <height>1024</height>
        <depth>3</depth>
    </size>
    <segmented>0</segmented>
    <object>
        <name>Green plant</name>
        <pose>Unspecified</pose>
        <truncated>0</truncated>
        <difficult>0</difficult>
        <bndbox>
            <xmin>575</xmin>
            <ymin>548</ymin>
            <xmax>866</xmax>
            <ymax>759</ymax>
        </bndbox>
    </object>
    <object>
        <name>Green plant</name>
        <pose>Unspecified</pose>
        <truncated>1</truncated>
        <difficult>0</difficult>
        <bndbox>
            <xmin>827</xmin>
            <ymin>449</ymin>
            <xmax>1024</xmax>
            <ymax>798</ymax>
        </bndbox>
    </object>
    <object>
        <name>Green plant</name>
        <pose>Unspecified</pose>
        <truncated>0</truncated>
        <difficult>0</difficult>
        <bndbox>
            <xmin>198</xmin>
            <ymin>505</ymin>
            <xmax>559</xmax>
            <ymax>747</ymax>
        </bndbox>
    </object>
    <object>
        <name>Green plant</name>
        <pose>Unspecified</pose>
        <truncated>0</truncated>
        <difficult>0</difficult>
        <bndbox>
            <xmin>592</xmin>
            <ymin>730</ymin>
            <xmax>787</xmax>
            <ymax>945</ymax>
        </bndbox>
    </object>
    <object>
        <name>Green plant</name>
        <pose>Unspecified</pose>
        <truncated>0</truncated>
        <difficult>0</difficult>
        <bndbox>
            <xmin>362</xmin>
            <ymin>756</ymin>
            <xmax>597</xmax>
            <ymax>1008</ymax>
        </bndbox>
    </object>
    <object>
        <name>Green plant</name>
        <pose>Unspecified</pose>
        <truncated>0</truncated>
        <difficult>0</difficult>
        <bndbox>
            <xmin>219</xmin>
            <ymin>748</ymin>
            <xmax>376</xmax>
            <ymax>894</ymax>
        </bndbox>
    </object>
    <object>
        <name>Green plant</name>
        <pose>Unspecified</pose>
        <truncated>1</truncated>
        <difficult>0</difficult>
        <bndbox>
            <xmin>1</xmin>
            <ymin>648</ymin>
            <xmax>351</xmax>
            <ymax>1024</ymax>
        </bndbox>
    </object>
</annotation>

有7个注释，都名为“绿色植物”我需要用“植物”替换该短语的每次出现这是我为尝试这样做而编写的代码：

import os
from tqdm import tqdm
import sys

path = 'D:\\Users\\directory_with_all_xml_files'

files = os.listdir(path)

for file in tqdm(files):
    filename, filetype = file.split('.')
    if filetype == 'xml':
        #Open file
        xml_file = open(file)
        new_file_content = ""
        
        #Replace text
        for line in xml_file:
            stripped_line = line.strip()
            new_line = stripped_line.replace("Green plant", "Plant")
            new_file_content += new_line + "\n"
        xml_file.close()
        
        #Overwrites old file content with new file content
        write_file = open(file)
        write_file.write(new_file_content)
        write_file.close()

但是，当我运行此代码时，我得到以下结果：

  File "xml_text_replacer.py", line 13, in <module>
    xml_file = open(file)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'Name_of_very_first_xml_file_in_directory.xml'

我试图编写一个if语句来打开每个XML文件，正如您在代码中看到的那样。但是，它并不像我需要的那样迭代。可以看出，没有迭代，只列出了整个目录中的第一个.xml文件。如何更正此代码以完成此任务？

Answer 1

下面的怎么样？(只需替换字符串)。< br> zz.xml包含文章的xml文本。

with open('zz.xml') as f:
    text = f.read()
    text = text.replace('<name>Green plant</name>', '<name>Plant</name>')
with open('zz_new.xml', 'w') as f:
    f.write(text)

Answer 2

下面是完成这项工作的XSLT。

它遵循一种所谓的身份转换模式。

断续器

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" omit-xml-declaration="yes"/>
    <xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>

    <xsl:template match="@*|node()">
        <xsl:copy>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/>
        </xsl:copy>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="name[.='Green plant']">
        <xsl:copy>Plant</xsl:copy>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>