测试我的Solidity智能合约时遇到问题（使用松露）

Question

所以我正在构建一个基本的NF令牌。创建了一个基本的铸币函数和映射。我用truffle测试了应用程序，尝试了solidity测试和JS测试。有以下错误。

Using network 'development'.

Compiling ./contracts/NFCertificate.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/AddressUtils.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/introspection/ERC165.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/introspection/SupportsInterfaceWithLookup.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721Basic.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721BasicToken.sol...
Compiling ./node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721Receiver.sol...
Compiling ./test/TestCertificate.sol...
Compiling truffle/Assert.sol...
Compiling truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol...

Compilation warnings encountered:

/Users/aditya/Desktop/Work & Hobbies/Ideas/Blockchain/Blockchain Development/Ethereum:dApp/CertificateContract/contracts/NFCertificate.sol:26:35: Warning: This function only accepts a single "bytes" argument. Please use "abi.encodePacked(...)" or a similar function to encode the data.
        uint256 tokenId = uint256(keccak256(certificateNum, msg.sender, title, message));
                                  ^---------------------------------------------------^



  TestCertificate
    1) testNumber
    > No events were emitted

  Contract: NFCertificate
    2) It should return the same number
    > No events were emitted


  0 passing (1s)
  2 failing

  1) TestCertificate
       testNumber:
     Error: VM Exception while processing transaction: revert
      at Object.InvalidResponse (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/web3/lib/web3/errors.js:38:1)
      at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/web3/lib/web3/requestmanager.js:86:1
      at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/truffle-provider/wrapper.js:134:1
      at XMLHttpRequest.request.onreadystatechange (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/web3/lib/web3/httpprovider.js:128:1)
      at XMLHttpRequestEventTarget.dispatchEvent (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:64:1)
      at XMLHttpRequest._setReadyState (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:354:1)
      at XMLHttpRequest._onHttpResponseEnd (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:509:1)
      at IncomingMessage.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:469:1)
      at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:1081:12)
      at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:63:19)

  2) Contract: NFCertificate
       It should return the same number:
     TypeError: instance.returnNumbers is not a function
      at Context.<anonymous> (test/TestCertificate.js:9:31)
      at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/truffle-core/lib/testing/testrunner.js:135:1
      at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/web3/lib/web3/property.js:119:1
      at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/web3/lib/web3/requestmanager.js:89:1
      at /usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/truffle-provider/wrapper.js:134:1
      at XMLHttpRequest.request.onreadystatechange (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/web3/lib/web3/httpprovider.js:128:1)
      at XMLHttpRequestEventTarget.dispatchEvent (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:64:1)
      at XMLHttpRequest._setReadyState (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:354:1)
      at XMLHttpRequest._onHttpResponseEnd (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:509:1)
      at IncomingMessage.<anonymous> (/usr/local/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/~/xhr2/lib/xhr2.js:469:1)
      at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:1081:12)
      at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:63:19)

测试脚本在契约中运行一个简单的内部函数，该函数返回一个int=1000，并将其与测试中声明的预期变量(letexpected=1000)进行比较。这是JS测试脚本

  import assertRevert from "zeppelin- 
  solidity/test/helpers/assertRevert";

  const NFCertificate = artifacts.require("NFCertificate");

  contract("NFCertificate", () => {
      it("It should return the same number", function() {
          let instance = NFCertificate.deployed();
          let expected = 1000;
          assert.equal(instance.returnNumber(), expected);
      });
  });

下面是Solidity测试脚本：

pragma solidity ^0.4.20;

import "truffle/Assert.sol";
import "truffle/DeployedAddresses.sol";
import "../contracts/NFCertificate.sol";

contract TestCertificate {

  function testNumber() public {
    NFCertificate cert = NFCertificate(DeployedAddresses.NFCertificate());
    uint expected = 1000;
    Assert.equal(cert.returnNumber(), expected, "Numbers should be equal");
  }
}

我还尝试测试铸币的令牌ID，以及基于我声明的映射的令牌所有者，我也遇到了同样的问题。在用javascript编写测试契约时，它无法识别原始NFT契约中的函数。在solidity中编写测试契约时，它几乎总是说“错误：处理事务时的VM异常：还原”，而不说别的。

最后，这是我想测试的合同。任何和所有的帮助都是感谢的，我是非常新的编码和以太坊，所以我可能犯了很多错误。

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

import '../node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721BasicToken.sol';
import '../node_modules/openzeppelin-solidity/contracts/ownership/Ownable.sol';

contract NFCertificate is ERC721BasicToken, Ownable {
    struct Certificate {
        uint certNum;
        uint256 tokenId;
        bytes32 title;
        bytes32 message;
        address owner;
    }

    mapping (uint256 => address) tokenToOwner;
    mapping (address => uint256) ownerToToken;
    mapping (uint256 => string) tokenIdToName;

    event returnNumbers(uint number);

    Certificate[] public certificates;

    function createCert(bytes32 title, bytes32 message) public returns (bytes32){
        uint certificateNum = certificates.length - 1; 
        uint256 tokenId = uint256(keccak256(certificateNum, msg.sender, title, message));
        certificates.push(Certificate(certificateNum++, tokenId, title, message, msg.sender));
        tokenToOwner[tokenId] = msg.sender;
        ownerToToken[msg.sender] = tokenId;
        _mint(msg.sender, tokenId);
    }

    function returnNumber() public returns(uint) {
        uint number = 1000;
        returnNumbers(number);
        return number;
    }

    function whatTokensDoYouOwn(address owner) public view returns(uint256) {
        return ownerToToken[owner]; 
    }


}

Answer 1

NFCertificate.Deployment()返回承诺，Instance.ReturnNumber()也返回承诺。所以JS应该是：

contract("NFCertificate", () => {
  it("It should return the same number", async function() {
      let instance = await NFCertificate.deployed();
      let expected = 1000;
      assert.equal(await instance.returnNumber(), expected);
  });
});

由于returnNumbers是一个事件，因此应该使用emit关键字发出它。用大写开头也是很好的，否则它可能看起来像一个函数。So事件ReturnNumbers（uint Numbers）；

function returnNumber() public returns(uint) {
    uint number = 1000;
    emit ReturnNumbers(number);
    return number;
}

添加Async/Await行应该可以修复JavaScript测试。如果您以后想要断言returnNumbers事件正确发出，我建议使用我的truffle-assertions库，它包括用于断言事件是否已发出的函数。它还包括以直接的方式断言还原和其他失败的函数。