正确计算PTS和DTS以同步音频和视频ffmpeg C++

Question

我正在尝试mux H264编码数据和G711 PCM数据到MOV多媒体容器。我从编码数据创建avpacket，最初视频/音频帧的PTS和DTS值等效于av_nopts_value。所以我使用当前时间信息计算了DTS。我的密码-

bool AudioVideoRecorder::WriteVideo(const unsigned char *pData, size_t iDataSize, bool const bIFrame) {
    .....................................
    .....................................
    .....................................
    AVPacket pkt = {0};
    av_init_packet(&pkt);
    int64_t dts = av_gettime();
    dts = av_rescale_q(dts, (AVRational){1, 1000000}, m_pVideoStream->time_base);
    int duration = 90000 / VIDEO_FRAME_RATE;
    if(m_prevVideoDts > 0LL) {
        duration = dts - m_prevVideoDts;
    }
    m_prevVideoDts = dts;

    pkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    pkt.dts = m_currVideoDts;
    m_currVideoDts += duration;
    pkt.duration = duration;
    if(bIFrame) {
        pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
    }
    pkt.stream_index = m_pVideoStream->index;
    pkt.data = (uint8_t*) pData;
    pkt.size = iDataSize;

    int ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(m_pFormatCtx, &pkt);

    if(ret < 0) {
        LogErr("Writing video frame failed.");
        return false;
    }

    Log("Writing video frame done.");

    av_free_packet(&pkt);
    return true;
}

bool AudioVideoRecorder::WriteAudio(const unsigned char *pEncodedData, size_t iDataSize) {
    .................................
    .................................
    .................................
    AVPacket pkt = {0};
    av_init_packet(&pkt);

    int64_t dts = av_gettime();
    dts = av_rescale_q(dts, (AVRational){1, 1000000}, (AVRational){1, 90000});
    int duration = AUDIO_STREAM_DURATION; // 20
    if(m_prevAudioDts > 0LL) {
        duration = dts - m_prevAudioDts;
    }
    m_prevAudioDts = dts;
    pkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    pkt.dts = m_currAudioDts;
    m_currAudioDts += duration;
    pkt.duration = duration;

    pkt.stream_index = m_pAudioStream->index;
    pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
    pkt.data = (uint8_t*) pEncodedData;
    pkt.size = iDataSize;

    int ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(m_pFormatCtx, &pkt);
    if(ret < 0) {
        LogErr("Writing audio frame failed: %d", ret);
        return false;
    }

    Log("Writing audio frame done.");

    av_free_packet(&pkt);
    return true;
}

我添加了这样的流-

AVStream* AudioVideoRecorder::AddMediaStream(enum AVCodecID codecID) {
    ................................
    .................................   
    pStream = avformat_new_stream(m_pFormatCtx, codec);
    if (!pStream) {
        LogErr("Could not allocate stream.");
        return NULL;
    }
    pStream->id = m_pFormatCtx->nb_streams - 1;
    pCodecCtx = pStream->codec;
    pCodecCtx->codec_id = codecID;

    switch(codec->type) {
    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
        pCodecCtx->bit_rate = VIDEO_BIT_RATE;
        pCodecCtx->width = PICTURE_WIDTH;
        pCodecCtx->height = PICTURE_HEIGHT;
        pStream->time_base = (AVRational){1, 90000};
        pStream->avg_frame_rate = (AVRational){90000, 1};
        pStream->r_frame_rate = (AVRational){90000, 1}; // though the frame rate is variable and around 15 fps
        pCodecCtx->pix_fmt = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
        m_pVideoStream = pStream;
        break;

    case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
        pCodecCtx->sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16;
        pCodecCtx->bit_rate = AUDIO_BIT_RATE;
        pCodecCtx->sample_rate = AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE;
        pCodecCtx->channels = 1;
        m_pAudioStream = pStream;
        break;

    default:
        break;
    }

    /* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
    if (m_pOutputFmt->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
        m_pFormatCtx->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;

    return pStream;
}

编辑：

根据Ronald S.Bultje的建议，我所理解的是：

m_pAudioStream->time_base = (AVRational){1, 9000}; // actually no need to set as 9000 is already default value for audio as you said
m_pVideoStream->time_base = (AVRational){1, 9000};

应该设置为现在音频和视频流现在都在同一时间基本单位中。

...................
...................

int64_t dts = av_gettime(); // get current time in microseconds
dts *= 9000; 
dts /= 1000000; // 1 second = 10^6 microseconds
pkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE; // is it okay?
pkt.dts = dts;
// and no need to set pkt.duration, right?

...................
...................

int64_t dts = av_gettime(); // get current time in microseconds
dts *= 9000; 
dts /= 1000000; // 1 second = 10^6 microseconds
pkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE; // is it okay?
pkt.dts = dts;
// and no need to set pkt.duration, right?

另外，如果我想使用视频流时基作为(AVRational){1,frameRate}和音频流时基作为(AVRational){1,sampleRate}，正确的代码应该是什么样子？

编辑2.0：

m_pAudioStream->time_base = (AVRational){1, VIDEO_FRAME_RATE};
m_pVideoStream->time_base = (AVRational){1, VIDEO_FRAME_RATE};

和

bool AudioVideoRecorder::WriteAudio(const unsigned char *pEncodedData, size_t iDataSize) {
    ...........................
    ......................
    AVPacket pkt = {0};
    av_init_packet(&pkt);

    int64_t dts = av_gettime() / 1000; // convert into millisecond
    dts = dts * VIDEO_FRAME_RATE;
    if(m_dtsOffset < 0) {
        m_dtsOffset = dts;
    }

    pkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    pkt.dts = (dts - m_dtsOffset);

    pkt.stream_index = m_pAudioStream->index;
    pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
    pkt.data = (uint8_t*) pEncodedData;
    pkt.size = iDataSize;

    int ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(m_pFormatCtx, &pkt);
    if(ret < 0) {
        LogErr("Writing audio frame failed: %d", ret);
        return false;
    }

    Log("Writing audio frame done.");

    av_free_packet(&pkt);
    return true;
}

bool AudioVideoRecorder::WriteVideo(const unsigned char *pData, size_t iDataSize, bool const bIFrame) {
    ........................................
    .................................
    AVPacket pkt = {0};
    av_init_packet(&pkt);
    int64_t dts = av_gettime() / 1000;
    dts = dts * VIDEO_FRAME_RATE;
    if(m_dtsOffset < 0) {
        m_dtsOffset = dts;
    }
    pkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    pkt.dts = (dts - m_dtsOffset);

    if(bIFrame) {
        pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
    }
    pkt.stream_index = m_pVideoStream->index;
    pkt.data = (uint8_t*) pData;
    pkt.size = iDataSize;

    int ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(m_pFormatCtx, &pkt);

    if(ret < 0) {
        LogErr("Writing video frame failed.");
        return false;
    }

    Log("Writing video frame done.");

    av_free_packet(&pkt);
    return true;
}

AVFrame* pSilentData;
pSilentData = av_frame_alloc();
memset(&pSilentData->data[0], 0, iDataSize);

pkt.data = (uint8_t*) pSilentData;
pkt.size = iDataSize;

av_freep(&pSilentData->data[0]);
av_frame_free(&pSilentData);

这样可以吗？但将此写入文件容器后，在播放媒体时会出现点点噪声。有什么问题？

编辑4.0：

对于μ-law音频，零值表示为0xff。所以-

memset(&pSilentData->data[0], 0xff, iDataSize);

解决我的问题。

Answer 1

时间戳（例如dts）应该以avstream.time_base为单位。您请求的是1/90000的视频时基和默认的音频时基(1/9000)，但您使用的是1/100000的时基来写入dts值。我也不确定是否保证在头写入期间维护所请求的时间基准，您的muxer可能会更改值，并希望您处理新的值。

所以代码如下：

int64_t dts = av_gettime();
dts = av_rescale_q(dts, (AVRational){1, 1000000}, (AVRational){1, 90000});
int duration = AUDIO_STREAM_DURATION; // 20
if(m_prevAudioDts > 0LL) {
    duration = dts - m_prevAudioDts;
}

行不通。将其改为使用音频流的时基，除非你知道自己在做什么，否则不要设置持续时间。（视频也一样。）

m_prevAudioDts = dts;
pkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
pkt.dts = m_currAudioDts;
m_currAudioDts += duration;
pkt.duration = duration;

这看起来令人毛骨悚然，尤其是结合视频类似的代码。这里的问题是，无论流之间的包间延迟如何，两个包的第一个包的时间戳都为零。您需要在所有流之间共享一个父currDts，否则您的流将永远不同步。

[编辑]

所以，关于你的编辑，如果你有音频间隙，我认为你需要插入静音（归零音频样本数据）的间隙持续时间。