MongoDB：如何找出数组字段是否包含元素？

Question

{ "_id" : ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf"), "name" : "John" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0"), "name" : "Sam" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d1"), "name" : "Chris" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d2"), "name" : "Joe" }

{
        "_id" : ObjectId("51780fb5c9c41825e3e21fc4"),
        "name" : "CS 101",
        "students" : [
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf"),
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0"),
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d2")
        ]
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("51780fb5c9c41825e3e21fc5"),
        "name" : "Literature",
        "students" : [
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0"),
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0"),
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d2")
        ]
}
{
        "_id" : ObjectId("51780fb5c9c41825e3e21fc6"),
        "name" : "Physics",
        "students" : [
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf"),
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0")
        ]
}

我试着看看是否可以使用$elemmatch运算符，但它是面向子文档数组的。我知道我可以使用聚合框架，但在这种情况下，它似乎有些过头了。聚合框架可能不如单个查找查询快。是否有一种方法可以查询课程集合，以便返回的文档可以以类似于此的形式？

{
        "_id" : ObjectId("51780fb5c9c41825e3e21fc4"),
        "name" : "CS 101",
        "students" : [
                ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0"),
        ]
}

Answer 1

[在最近的版本中可以基于此进行编辑]

[更新答案]只有在已经注册的情况下，您才能通过以下方式查询获得班级名称和学生证。

db.student.find({},
 {_id:0, name:1, students:{$elemMatch:{$eq:ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf")}}})

你会得到你所期望的：

{ "name" : "CS 101", "students" : [ ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf") ] }
{ "name" : "Literature" }
{ "name" : "Physics", "students" : [ ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf") ] }

{
        "_id" : ObjectId("51780fb5c9c41825e3e21fc6"),
        "name" : "Physics",
        "students" : [
                {id: ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf"), name: "John"},
                {id: ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0"), name: "Sam"}
        ]
}

db.course.find( { }, 
                { students : 
                    { $elemMatch : 
                       { id : ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015d0"), 
                         name : "Sam" 
                       } 
                    } 
                } 
);

{ "name" : "Literature" }
{ "name" : "Physics" }
{
    "name" : "CS 101",
    "students" : [
        {
            "id" : ObjectId("51780f796ec4051a536015cf"),
            "name" : "John"
        }
    ]
}