如何在Python3中获取异常详细信息

Question

我想获取Python3中Exception的详细信息

例如…在foo.py中

import sys

try:
  {}.encode('utf8')
except:
  err = sys.exc_info()[0]

  print("itself\t", err)
  print(".args\t", err.args)

  print("dir\t", dir(err.args))
  print("type\t", type(err.args))

  print("vars\t", vars(err))

  print("--------k,v in vars---------")
  for k,v in vars(err).items():
    print(k)
    print(v)

和标准输出是…

itself   <class 'AttributeError'>
.args    <attribute 'args' of 'BaseException' objects>
dir      ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__delete__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__name__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__objclass__', '__qualname__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__set__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__']
type     <class 'getset_descriptor'>
vars     {'__init__': <slot wrapper '__init__' of 'AttributeError' objects>, '__doc__': 'Attribute not found.', '__new__': <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x821c3a0>}
--------k,v in vars---------
__init__
<slot wrapper '__init__' of 'AttributeError' objects>
__doc__
Attribute not found.
__new__
<built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x821c3a0>

我想从实例“ err”中获得有关此内置异常类的更多信息，

如

• 文件：foo.py
• 行：4
• 讯息：“ dict”对象没有属性“ encode”

就像这段代码的标准输出

{}.encode('utf8')

这个

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "foo.py", line 2, in <module>

    {}.encode('utf8')

AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'encode'

Answer 1

使用该traceback模块可打印当前位置或给定异常的回溯。

您没有说明期望的输出，但是无论哪种traceback模块，该模块很可能都能产生最适合您的需求的输出。