当我使用jsoup或htmlunit获取页面时，href字段丢失

白翔

2023-03-14

问题内容：

我正在尝试解析Google图片搜索结果。

我正在尝试获取元素的 href属性 。我注意到以编程方式获取页面时， href字段 丢失了（jsoup和htmlunit都会发生这种情况）。
比较通过java以编程方式获得的页面元素和实际浏览器加载的页面元素，唯一的区别是，确实缺少了 href字段 （其余部分相同）。

href属性（IMAGE_LINK）如下：
/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcdn.zonarutoppuden.com%2Fns%2Fpe‌liculas-naruto- shipp‌uden.jpg&imgrefurl=h‌ttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.zona‌rutoppuden.com%2F201‌0%2F10%2Fnaruto- ship‌puden- peliculas.html‌&docid=JR8NPqKrF3ac_‌M&tbnid=0EPPOYQcflXk‌MM%3A&w=900&h=600&bi‌h=638&biw=1275&ved=0‌ahUKEwih9O2e88_OAhWM‌ExoKHRLGAGQQMwg2KAMw‌Aw&iact=mrc&uact=8

javascript引擎可能有问题吗？还是网站使用了某种算法反解析？

代码段Java代码：

WebClient webClient = new WebClient(BrowserVersion.CHROME);
webClient.waitForBackgroundJavaScript(50000);
HtmlPage page1=null;

        try {
            // Get the first page
            page1 = webClient.getPage(URL);
            System.out.println(page1.asXml());
        } catch (FailingHttpStatusCodeException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

片段HTML代码（真实浏览器）：

<a jsaction="fire.ivg_o;mouseover:str.hmov;mouseout:str.hmou" class="rg_l" style="width: 134px; height: 201px; left: 0px; background: rgb(128, 128, 128);" href="IMAGE_LINK"> CONTENT... </a>

片段HTML代码（以编程方式获取页面）：

<a jsaction="fire.ivg_o;mouseover:str.hmov;mouseout:str.hmou" class="rg_l" style="width: 134px; height: 201px; left: 0px; background: rgb(128, 128, 128);"> CONTENT... </a>

谢谢。

问题答案：

对于每个搜索结果，都有一个<div class="rg_meta">包含JSON对象的对象，该对象还包含url。使用类似于json-
simple
的JSON解析器来解析对象，以下代码将打印图像网址：

String searchTerm = "naruto shippuden";
String searchUrl = "https://www.google.com/search?site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1920&bih=955&q=" + searchTerm.replace(" ", "+") + "&gws_rd=cr";

try {
    Document doc = Jsoup.connect(searchUrl)
            .userAgent("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.82 Safari/537.36")
            .referrer("https://www.google.com/").get();

    JSONObject obj;

    for (Element result : doc.select("div.rg_meta")) {

        // div.rg_meta contains a JSON object, which also holds the image url
        obj = (JSONObject) new JSONParser().parse(result.text());

        String imageUrl = (String) obj.get("ou");

        // just printing out the url to demonstate the approach
        System.out.println("imageUrl: " + imageUrl);    
    }

} catch (IOException e1) {
    e1.printStackTrace();
}catch (ParseException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

输出：

imageUrl: http://ib3.huluim.com/show_key_art/1603?size=1600x600&region=US
imageUrl: http://cdn.zonarutoppuden.com/ns/peliculas-naruto-shippuden.jpg
imageUrl: http://www.saiyanisland.com/news/wp-content/uploads2/2014/12/Naruto-Sasuke.jpg
...

更新资料

由于jsAction似乎不能很好地与htmlUnit配合使用，因此我建议使用phantomJs。只需为您的操作系统下载二进制文件并创建一个脚本文件。

创建一个page.js文件：

var page = require('webpage').create();
var fs = require('fs');

page.settings.userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2062.120 Safari/537.36';

page.zoomFactor = 0.1;

page.viewportSize = {
  width: 1920,
  height: 1080
};

var divCount="-1";
var topPosition=0;
var unchangedCounter=0;

page.open('https://www.google.com/search?site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&q=naruto+shippuden&gws_rd=cr', function(status) {
    console.log("Status: " + status);
    if(status === "success") {

        window.setInterval(function() {

            var newDivCount = page.evaluate(function() { 
                var divs = document.querySelectorAll(".rg_di.rg_bx.rg_el.ivg-i");
                return divs[divs.length-1].getAttribute("data-ri");
            });

            topPosition = topPosition + 1080;

            page.scrollPosition = {
                top: topPosition,
                left: 0
            };

            if(newDivCount===divCount){
                page.evaluate(function() {
                    var button = document.querySelector("#smb");
                    console.log("buttontype:"+typeof button);
                    if(!(typeof button === "undefined")) {
                        button.click();
                        return true;
                    }else{
                        return false;
                    }
                });

                if(unchangedCounter===5){
                    console.log(newDivCount);
                    var path = 'output.html';
                    fs.write(path, page.content, 'w');
                    phantom.exit();
                }else{
                    unchangedCounter=unchangedCounter+1;
                }
            }else{
                unchangedCounter=0;
            }
            divCount = newDivCount;

        }, 500);
    }
});

现在，我们使用phantomJs执行脚本文件，并使用jsoup解析结果：

try {
    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("bin\\phantomjs page.js"); //change path to phantomjs binary and your script file
    process.waitFor();

    Document doc = Jsoup.parse(new File("output.html"),"UTF-8"); // output.html is created by phantom.js, same path as page.js

    for (Element element : doc.select("div.rg_di.rg_bx.rg_el.ivg-i a")) {
        System.out.println(element.attr("href"));
    }
    System.out.println("Number of results: " + doc.select("div.rg_di.rg_bx.rg_el.ivg-i a").size());
} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

输出：

/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fib3.huluim.com%2Fshow_key_art%2F1603%3Fsize%3D1600x600%26region%3DUS&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hulu.com%2Fnaruto-shippuden&docid=OgW4j66rp7CKkM&tbnid=SElXvYDJj9cR6M%3A&w=1600&h=600&bih=10800&biw=19200&ved=0ahUKEwjX2PXmptPOAhULVxoKHXfmDg8QMwgzKAAwAA&iact=mrc&uact=8
/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcdn.zonarutoppuden.com%2Fns%2Fpeliculas-naruto-shippuden.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zonarutoppuden.com%2F2010%2F10%2Fnaruto-shippuden-peliculas.html&docid=JR8NPqKrF3ac_M&tbnid=0EPPOYQcflXkMM%3A&w=900&h=600&bih=10800&biw=19200&ved=0ahUKEwjX2PXmptPOAhULVxoKHXfmDg8QMwg0KAEwAQ&iact=mrc&uact=8
...
Number of results: 463

更新：将url作为参数传递给脚本

脚本 page.js

var page = require('webpage').create();
var fs = require('fs');
var system = require('system');

var url = "";
var searchParameter = "";

if (system.args.length === 3) {
    url=system.args[1];
    searchParameter=system.args[2];
}

if(url==="" || searchParameter===""){
    phantom.exit();
}

page.settings.userAgent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/37.0.2062.120 Safari/537.36';

page.zoomFactor = 0.1;

page.viewportSize = {
  width: 1920,
  height: 1080
};

var divCount="-1";
var topPosition=0;
var unchangedCounter=0;

page.open(url, function(status) {
    console.log("Status: " + status);
    if(status === "success") {

        window.setInterval(function() {

            var newDivCount = page.evaluate(function() { 
                var divs = document.querySelectorAll(".rg_di.rg_bx.rg_el.ivg-i");
                return divs[divs.length-1].getAttribute("data-ri");
            });

            topPosition = topPosition + 1080;

            page.scrollPosition = {
                top: topPosition,
                left: 0
            };

            if(newDivCount===divCount){
                page.evaluate(function() {
                    var button = document.querySelector("#smb");
                    if(!(typeof button === "undefined")) {
                        button.click();
                        return true;
                    }else{
                        return false;
                    }
                });

                if(unchangedCounter===5){
                    var path = searchParameter+'.html';
                    fs.write(path, page.content, 'w');
                    phantom.exit();
                }else{
                    unchangedCounter=unchangedCounter+1;
                }
            }else{
                unchangedCounter=0;
            }
            divCount = newDivCount;

        }, 500);
    }else{
        phantom.exit();
    }
});

Java代码

try {
    //change path to phantomjs binary and your script file
    String phantomJSPath = "phantomjs" + File.separator + "bin" + File.separator + "phantomjs";
    String scriptFile = "page.js";

    String searchTerm = "naruto+shippuden";
    String urlParameter = "https://www.google.com/search?site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&gws_rd=cr&q="+searchTerm;

    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(phantomJSPath + " " + scriptFile + " " + urlParameter + " " + searchTerm);
    process.waitFor();

    Document doc = Jsoup.parse(new File(searchTerm + ".html"),"UTF-8"); // output.html is created by phantom.js, same path as page.js

    for (Element element : doc.select("div.rg_di.rg_bx.rg_el.ivg-i a")) {
        System.out.println(element.attr("href"));
    }
    System.out.println("Number of results: " + doc.select("div.rg_di.rg_bx.rg_el.ivg-i a").size());
} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

当我使用jsoup或htmlunit获取页面时，href字段丢失

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