以编程方式从PEM获取KeyStore

Question

如何从包含证书和私钥的PEM文件中以编程方式获取KeyStore？我试图在HTTPS连接中向服务器提供客户端证书。我已经确认，如果我使用openssl和keytool来获取jks文件（该文件是动态加载的），则客户端证书可以使用。我什至可以通过动态读取p12（PKCS12）文件来使其工作。

我正在考虑使用BouncyCastle的PEMReader类，但无法克服一些错误。我正在使用-Djavax.net.debug =
all选项运行Java客户端，并通过调试LogLevel运行Apache Web服务器。我不确定该寻找什么。Apache错误日志指示：

...
OpenSSL: Write: SSLv3 read client certificate B
OpenSSL: Exit: error in SSLv3 read client certificate B
Re-negotiation handshake failed: Not accepted by client!?

Java客户端程序指示：

...
main, WRITE: TLSv1 Handshake, length = 48
main, waiting for close_notify or alert: state 3
main, Exception while waiting for close java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: recv failed
main, handling exception: java.net.SocketException: Software caused connection abort: recv failed
%% Invalidated:  [Session-3, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA]
main, SEND TLSv1 ALERT:  fatal, description = unexpected_message
...

客户端代码：

public void testClientCertPEM() throws Exception {
    String requestURL = "https://mydomain/authtest";
    String pemPath = "C:/Users/myusername/Desktop/client.pem";

    HttpsURLConnection con;

    URL url = new URL(requestURL);
    con = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    con.setSSLSocketFactory(getSocketFactoryFromPEM(pemPath));
    con.setRequestMethod("GET");
    con.setDoInput(true);
    con.setDoOutput(false);  
    con.connect();

    String line;

    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));

    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        System.out.println(line);
    }

    reader.close();
    con.disconnect();
}

public SSLSocketFactory getSocketFactoryFromPEM(String pemPath) throws Exception {
    Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());        
    SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");

    PEMReader reader = new PEMReader(new FileReader(pemPath));
    X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate) reader.readObject();

    KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
    keystore.load(null);
    keystore.setCertificateEntry("alias", cert);

    KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
    kmf.init(keystore, null);

    KeyManager[] km = kmf.getKeyManagers();

    context.init(km, null, null);

    return context.getSocketFactory();
}

我注意到服务器在客户端TLSv1中正在日志中输出SSLv3。如果我添加系统属性-Dhttps.protocols =
SSLv3，则客户端也将使用SSLv3，但是会收到相同的错误消息。我还尝试添加-
Dsun.security.ssl.allowUnsafeRenegotiation = true，但结果没有变化。

我已经四处搜寻，这个问题的通常答案是先使用openssl和keytool。就我而言，我需要即时阅读PEM。实际上，我正在移植已经执行此操作的C
程序，坦率地说，我很惊讶在Java中执行此操作有多么困难。C 代码：

  curlpp::Easy request;
  ...
  request.setOpt(new Options::Url(myurl));
  request.setOpt(new Options::SslVerifyPeer(false));
  request.setOpt(new Options::SslCertType("PEM"));
  request.setOpt(new Options::SslCert(cert));
  request.perform();

Answer 1

我想到了。问题在于X509证书本身是不够的。我还需要将私钥放入动态生成的密钥库中。看来BouncyCastle
PEMReader不能一次性处理带有证书和私钥的PEM文件，但它可以分别处理每个文件。我可以自己将PEM读取到内存中，并将其分成两个单独的流，然后将每个输入到一个单独的PEMReader。因为我知道我要处理的PEM文件将首先具有证书，然后具有私钥，所以我可以以健壮性为代价来简化代码。我也知道END
CERTIFICATE分隔符将始终被五个连字符包围。对我有用的实现是：

protected static SSLSocketFactory getSocketFactoryPEM(String pemPath) throws Exception {        
    Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());

    SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");

    byte[] certAndKey = fileToBytes(new File(pemPath));

    String delimiter = "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
    String[] tokens = new String(certAndKey).split(delimiter);

    byte[] certBytes = tokens[0].concat(delimiter).getBytes();
    byte[] keyBytes = tokens[1].getBytes();

    PEMReader reader;

    reader = new PEMReader(new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(certBytes)));
    X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)reader.readObject();

    reader = new PEMReader(new InputStreamReader(new ByteArrayInputStream(keyBytes)));
    PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey)reader.readObject();

    KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
    keystore.load(null);
    keystore.setCertificateEntry("cert-alias", cert);
    keystore.setKeyEntry("key-alias", key, "changeit".toCharArray(), new Certificate[] {cert});

    KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
    kmf.init(keystore, "changeit".toCharArray());

    KeyManager[] km = kmf.getKeyManagers();

    context.init(km, null, null);

    return context.getSocketFactory();
}

更新 ：似乎可以在没有BouncyCastle的情况下完成：

    byte[] certAndKey = fileToBytes(new File(pemPath));
    byte[] certBytes = parseDERFromPEM(certAndKey, "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", "-----END CERTIFICATE-----");
    byte[] keyBytes = parseDERFromPEM(certAndKey, "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----");

    X509Certificate cert = generateCertificateFromDER(certBytes);              
    RSAPrivateKey key  = generatePrivateKeyFromDER(keyBytes);

…

protected static byte[] parseDERFromPEM(byte[] pem, String beginDelimiter, String endDelimiter) {
    String data = new String(pem);
    String[] tokens = data.split(beginDelimiter);
    tokens = tokens[1].split(endDelimiter);
    return DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(tokens[0]);        
}

protected static RSAPrivateKey generatePrivateKeyFromDER(byte[] keyBytes) throws InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    PKCS8EncodedKeySpec spec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

    KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");

    return (RSAPrivateKey)factory.generatePrivate(spec);        
}

protected static X509Certificate generateCertificateFromDER(byte[] certBytes) throws CertificateException {
    CertificateFactory factory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");

    return (X509Certificate)factory.generateCertificate(new ByteArrayInputStream(certBytes));      
}