Spring-Test-MVC / MockServletContext-内容在测试中为空，但在Tomcat上运行

Question

我们正在尝试为我们的Spring-MVC Web应用程序设置Spring-Test-
MVC。我们开始使用freemarker，一切都很好。但是，我们决定反对它，现在正尝试使用JSP进行设置。当测试应用程序部署在Tomcat上时，它就可以工作。当我们运行简单的测试时：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(loader = WebContextLoader.class, locations = { "file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/servlet-context.xml" })
public class SkelletonTest {

    @Inject
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void homeTest() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/")).andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().type("text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1"))
                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("Hello World!")));
    }

它说：content type not set或者如果将其删除，则内容将为空。但是，控制器将被调用，因此映射必须起作用。

因此，这强烈暗示我们的测试未呈现该视图，但是我不知道我可能缺少什么设置。

这是我们的servlet-context.xml：

<context:component-scan base-package="package.to.controllers" />
<mvc:annotation-driven />

<bean id="viewResolver"
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="viewClass"
        value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    <property name="exposeContextBeansAsAttributes" value="true" />
    <property name="prefix" value="/views/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>

WebContextLoader：

public class WebContextLoader extends GenericWebContextLoader {
    public WebContextLoader() {
        super("src/main/webapp", false);
    }
}

GenericWebContextLoader是spring-
test-mvc的原始版本。

MockMvc像这样设置为Bean：

@Configuration
public class TestConfig {

    @Inject
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Bean   
    public MockMvc create(){
        return (MockMvcBuilders.webApplicationContextSetup(this.wac).build());
    }
}

这就是设置。测试框架未使用web.xml，因为它以前已经在工作，所以无关紧要。

我认为servlet上下文中必须有其他设置。我检查了它的加载情况，但是对于Tomcat部署的应用程序来说，它很重要，但是我为它设置的前缀和后缀将被测试忽略。

不知道错误跟踪将有多大帮助，但是这里是：

java.lang.AssertionError: Content type not set
    at org.springframework.test.web.AssertionErrors.fail(AssertionErrors.java:35)
    at org.springframework.test.web.AssertionErrors.assertTrue(AssertionErrors.java:57)
    at org.springframework.test.web.server.result.ContentResultMatchers$1.match(ContentResultMatchers.java:59)
    at org.springframework.test.web.server.MockMvc$1.andExpect(MockMvc.java:84)
    at our.package.SkelletonTest.homeTest(SkelletonTest.java:30)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:45)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:42)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:20)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

并测试输出：

2012-06-15 10:41:04 TestContextManager [INFO] @TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [class package.to.test.SkelletonTest]: using defaults.
2012-06-15 10:41:05 XmlBeanDefinitionReader [INFO] Loading XML bean definitions from URL [file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/servlet-context.xml]
2012-06-15 10:41:05 ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner [INFO] JSR-330 'javax.inject.Named' annotation found and supported for component scanning
2012-06-15 10:41:05 GenericWebApplicationContext [INFO] Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@158539f: startup date [Fri Jun 15 10:41:05 CEST 2012]; root of context hierarchy
2012-06-15 10:41:05 AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor [INFO] JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
2012-06-15 10:41:05 DefaultListableBeanFactory [INFO] Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@c64bc2: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,testConfig,freemarkerController,homeController,tableService,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping#0,org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.MappedInterceptor#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,viewResolver,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor$ImportAwareBeanPostProcessor#0,create]; root of factory hierarchy
2012-06-15 10:41:05 RequestMappingHandlerMapping [INFO] Mapped "{[/],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView package.to.controller.HomeController.index()
2012-06-15 10:41:05 RequestMappingHandlerMapping [INFO] Mapped "{[/test],methods=[],params=[],headers=[],consumes=[],produces=[],custom=[]}" onto public java.lang.String package.to.controller.HomeController.test(org.springframework.ui.Model)
2012-06-15 10:41:06 GenericWebContextLoader$1 [INFO] Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''
2012-06-15 10:41:06 TestDispatcherServlet [INFO] FrameworkServlet '': initialization started
2012-06-15 10:41:06 TestDispatcherServlet [INFO] FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 32 ms
2012-06-15 10:41:06 GenericWebApplicationContext [INFO] Closing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@158539f: startup date [Fri Jun 15 10:41:05 CEST 2012]; root of context hierarchy
2012-06-15 10:41:06 DefaultListableBeanFactory [INFO] Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@c64bc2: defining beans [org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,testConfig,freemarkerController,homeController,tableService,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping#0,org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.MappedInterceptor#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver#0,org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,viewResolver,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor$ImportAwareBeanPostProcessor#0,create]; root of factory hierarchy

因此，感谢您提供任何可帮助我定位问题的建议！

顺便说一句：不想再这样了，所以我跳过了pom。我们正在使用Spring 3.1，spring-test-mvc 1.0.0..BUILD-
SNAPSHOT，jsp-ap 2.2，jstl 1.2，…如果您需要了解更多信息，我将尝试将其上传到某个地方…

编辑

如果您需要更多信息，或者为什么无法回答我的问题，请告诉我。真的需要弄清楚，我不知道从哪里开始。因此，也欢迎任何想法或评论。

编辑2

使用了以下输出的打印方法：

MockHttpServletRequest:
         HTTP Method = GET
         Request URI = /
          Parameters = {}
             Headers = {}

             Handler:
                Type = package.to.controller.HomeController
              Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView package.to.controller.HomeController.index()

  Resolved Exception:
                Type = null

        ModelAndView:
           View name = index
                View = null
           Attribute = welcome
               value = Hello World!

            FlashMap:

MockHttpServletResponse:
              Status = 200
       Error message = null
             Headers = {}
        Content type = null
                Body = 
       Forwarded URL = /views/index.jsp
      Redirected URL = null
             Cookies = []

哪个更好地显示了问题，但没有解决方案…

编辑3

刚刚发现以下内容：

JSP需要一个servlet容器。因此，看来我无法以这种方式测试我的网页…如果有人对解决此问题有任何想法，请告诉我。

Answer 1

添加到您的edit3中，本质上是为了JSP渲染，最后一次调用是

RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = httpRequest.getRequestDispacher(jspPath)
requestDispatcher.forward(httpRequest,httpResponse)

并且RequestDispatcher实现是由容器提供的（因为它取决于需要如何编译jsp，在何处放置已编译的jsp等）。RequestDispatcher的Mock实现只是捕获转发的JSP页面，并且您
只能验证到JSP的路径就是您期望的路径。