如何在Linux上没有管理权限的情况下为python安装lxml？

Question

我只需要一些主机上没有的软件包（我和linux …我们…我们并没有花费太多时间…）。

我曾经像这样安装它们：

# from the source
python setup.py install --user

要么

# with easy_install
easy_install prefix=~/.local package

但是它不适用于lxml。在构建过程中出现很多错误：

x:~/lxml-2.3$ python setup.py build
Building lxml version 2.3.
Building without Cython.
ERROR: /bin/sh: xslt-config: command not found

** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

Using build configuration of libxslt
running build
running build_py
running build_ext
building 'lxml.etree' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-i686-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w
In file included from src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:227:
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:9:31: error: libxml/xmlversion.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:11:4: error: #error the development package of libxml2 (header files etc.) is not installed correctly
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:13:32: error: libxslt/xsltconfig.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:15:4: error: #error the development package of libxslt (header files etc.) is not installed correctly
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:230:29: error: libxml/encoding.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:231:28: error: libxml/chvalid.h: No such file or directory
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:232:25: error: libxml/hash.h: No such file or directory
...
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55179: error: Б─≤xmlNodeБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55179: error: Б─≤__pyx_v_c_nodeБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55184: error: Б─≤_node_to_node_functionБ─≥ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55184: error: expected Б─≤;Б─≥ before Б─≤__pyx_v_next_elementБ─≥
src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:55251: error: Б─≤struct __pyx_obj_4lxml_5etree__ReadOnlyProxyБ─≥ has no member named Б─≤_c_nodeБ─≥
...

http://lxml.de/installation.html表示它具有某些依赖性。但是如何在没有管理权限的情况下安装它们？

Answer 1

如果您没有管理员权限，并且不能说服管理员为您安装相关的软件包，则有两种选择：

选项1
-下载来源libxml2和libxslt编译并您在安装它们$HOME的地方，然后构建Python-
LXML对这些副本。

这是一个非常复杂的示例，因为如果您缺少其他依赖项，则可能需要很长时间才能下载/编译。

选项2- 下载与服务器上使用的Linux相同发行版的二进制软件包，然后将内容提取到主目录下。

例如，如果您正在运行Ubuntu Lucid，则首先要找到您的操作系统正在使用的版本，然后下载缺少的软件包：

% uname -m
x86_64
% aptitude show libxml2 | grep Version
Version: 2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1

接下来，直接从Ubuntu服务器下载您需要的软件包：

% mkdir root ; cd root
% wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxml2/libxml2_2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
% wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libx/libxslt/libxslt1.1_1.1.26-6build1_amd64.deb
% wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lxml/python-lxml_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb

提取内容，合并lxml本机代码和纯python代码，并将共享库移到顶部，然后删除提取的内容：

% dpkg-deb -x libxml2_2.7.6.dfsg-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb .
% dpkg-deb -x libxslt1.1_1.1.26-6build1_amd64.deb .
% dpkg-deb -x python-lxml_2.2.4-1_amd64.deb .
% mv ./usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/lxml .
% mv ./usr/share/pyshared/lxml/* lxml
% mv ./usr/lib .
% rm *.deb
% rm -rf usr

最后，要使用这些文件，您需要设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH和PYTHONPATH环境变量以指向$HOME/root。将它们放在您的~/.bashrc（或同等的）中，以便它们是永久的：

% export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/root/lib
% export PYTHONPATH=$HOME/root

您可以使用ldd（如果已安装）验证是否找到共享对象：

% ldd $HOME/root/lxml/etree.so | grep $HOME
libxslt.so.1 => /home/user/root/lib/libxslt.so.1 (0x00007ff9b1f0f000)
libexslt.so.0 => /home/user/root/lib/libexslt.so.0 (0x00007ff9b1cfa000)
libxml2.so.2 => /home/user/root/lib/libxml2.so.2 (0x00007ff9b19a9000)

然后就可以测试Python了：

% python
>>> from lxml import etree