如何将实时摄像机预览添加到UIView

Question

我遇到问题，我想在UIView边界内解决，有什么
办法可以将Camera Preview添加到UIView吗？并在
UIView 顶部添加其他内容（按钮，标签等）？

我尝试使用AVFoundation框架，但没有足够的文档
的斯威夫特。

Answer 1

更新为SWIFT 5
您可以尝试如下操作：

import UIKit
import AVFoundation

class ViewController: UIViewController{
    var previewView : UIView!
    var boxView:UIView!
    let myButton: UIButton = UIButton()

    //Camera Capture requiered properties
    var videoDataOutput: AVCaptureVideoDataOutput!
    var videoDataOutputQueue: DispatchQueue!
    var previewLayer:AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer!
    var captureDevice : AVCaptureDevice!
    let session = AVCaptureSession()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        previewView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0,
                                           y: 0,
                                           width: UIScreen.main.bounds.size.width,
                                           height: UIScreen.main.bounds.size.height))
        previewView.contentMode = UIView.ContentMode.scaleAspectFit
        view.addSubview(previewView)

        //Add a view on top of the cameras' view
        boxView = UIView(frame: self.view.frame)

        myButton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 40)
        myButton.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
        myButton.layer.masksToBounds = true
        myButton.setTitle("press me", for: .normal)
        myButton.setTitleColor(UIColor.white, for: .normal)
        myButton.layer.cornerRadius = 20.0
        myButton.layer.position = CGPoint(x: self.view.frame.width/2, y:200)
        myButton.addTarget(self, action: #selector(self.onClickMyButton(sender:)), for: .touchUpInside)

        view.addSubview(boxView)
        view.addSubview(myButton)

        self.setupAVCapture()
    }

    override var shouldAutorotate: Bool {
        if (UIDevice.current.orientation == UIDeviceOrientation.landscapeLeft ||
        UIDevice.current.orientation == UIDeviceOrientation.landscapeRight ||
        UIDevice.current.orientation == UIDeviceOrientation.unknown) {
            return false
        }
        else {
            return true
        }
    }

    @objc func onClickMyButton(sender: UIButton){
        print("button pressed")
    }
}


// AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate protocol and related methods
extension ViewController:  AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate{
     func setupAVCapture(){
        session.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSession.Preset.vga640x480
        guard let device = AVCaptureDevice
        .default(AVCaptureDevice.DeviceType.builtInWideAngleCamera, 
                 for: .video,
                 position: AVCaptureDevice.Position.back) else {
                            return
        }
        captureDevice = device
        beginSession()
    }

    func beginSession(){
        var deviceInput: AVCaptureDeviceInput!

        do {
            deviceInput = try AVCaptureDeviceInput(device: captureDevice)
            guard deviceInput != nil else {
                print("error: cant get deviceInput")
                return
            }

            if self.session.canAddInput(deviceInput){
                self.session.addInput(deviceInput)
            }

            videoDataOutput = AVCaptureVideoDataOutput()
            videoDataOutput.alwaysDiscardsLateVideoFrames=true
            videoDataOutputQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "VideoDataOutputQueue")
            videoDataOutput.setSampleBufferDelegate(self, queue:self.videoDataOutputQueue)

            if session.canAddOutput(self.videoDataOutput){
                session.addOutput(self.videoDataOutput)
            }

            videoDataOutput.connection(with: .video)?.isEnabled = true

            previewLayer = AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer(session: self.session)
            previewLayer.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravity.resizeAspect

            let rootLayer :CALayer = self.previewView.layer
            rootLayer.masksToBounds=true
            previewLayer.frame = rootLayer.bounds
            rootLayer.addSublayer(self.previewLayer)
            session.startRunning()
        } catch let error as NSError {
            deviceInput = nil
            print("error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
        }
    }

    func captureOutput(_ output: AVCaptureOutput, didOutput sampleBuffer: CMSampleBuffer, from connection: AVCaptureConnection) {
        // do stuff here
    }

    // clean up AVCapture
    func stopCamera(){
        session.stopRunning()
    }

}

在这里，我使用一个UIView称为PreviewView的相机来启动摄像机，然后在PreviewView上方添加一个名为boxView 的
新UIView控件。我添加一个UIButton到
boxView

重要

请记住，在iOS 10及更高版本中，您需要先征求用户的
许可才能访问相机。您可以通过向应用程序中添加
用途密钥Info.plist以及目的字符串来完成此操作，
因为如果您未能声明用途，则应用程序在首次
进行访问时将崩溃。