JUnit测试在Eclipse中通过，但在Maven Surefire中失败

Question

我已经使用JUnit 4和spring-test库编写了一些JUnit测试。当我在Eclipse中运行测试时，可以正常运行并通过。但是，当我使用Maven运行它们（在构建过程中）时，它们无法给出与Spring相关的错误。我不确定是什么引起了问题，JUnit，Surefire或Spring。这是我的测试代码，spring配置以及从Maven获得的异常：

PersonServiceTest.java

package com.xyz.person.test;

import static com.xyz.person.util.FjUtil.toFjList;
import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.xyz.person.bo.Person;
import com.xyz.person.bs.PersonService;

import fj.Effect;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:personservice-test.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = false)
public class PersonServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private PersonService service;

    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void testCreatePerson() {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setName("abhinav");
        service.createPerson(person);

        assertNotNull(person.getId());
    }

    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void testFindPersons() {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setName("abhinav");
        service.createPerson(person);

        List<Person> persons = service.findPersons("abhinav");
        toFjList(persons).foreach(new Effect<Person>() {
            public void e(final Person p) {
                assertEquals("abhinav", p.getName());
            }});
    }

}

personservice-test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">

    <import resource="classpath:/personservice.xml" />

    <bean id="datasource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"
        lazy-init="true">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:derby:InMemoryDatabase;create=true" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="entityManagerFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource" />
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="PersonService" />
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect" />
                <property name="showSql" value="true" />
                <property name="generateDdl" value="true" />
            </bean>
        </property>
        <property name="jpaPropertyMap">
            <map>
                <entry key="hibernate.validator.autoregister_listeners" value="false" />
                <entry key="javax.persistence.transactionType" value="RESOURCE_LOCAL" />
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource" />
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"
        proxy-target-class="false" />

    <bean id="beanMapper" class="org.dozer.DozerBeanMapper">
        <property name="mappingFiles">
            <list>
                <value>personservice-mappings.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

Maven中的异常

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest
23:18:51,250  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:77 - SQL Warning: 10000, SQLState: 01J01
23:18:51,281  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:78 - Database 'InMemoryDatabase' not created, connection made to existing database instead.
23:18:52,937  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:77 - SQL Warning: 10000, SQLState: 01J01
23:18:52,937  WARN JDBCExceptionReporter:78 - Database 'InMemoryDatabase' not created, connection made to existing database instead.
23:18:52,953  WARN TestContextManager:429 - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@359a359a] to process 'after' execution for test: method [public void com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest.testCreatePerson()], instance [com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest@1bc81bc8], exception [org.springframework.transaction.IllegalTransactionStateException: Pre-bound JDBC Connection found! JpaTransactionManager does not support running within DataSourceTransactionManager if told to manage the DataSource itself. It is recommended to use a single JpaTransactionManager for all transactions on a single DataSource, no matter whether JPA or JDBC access.]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: No value for key [org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean@3f563f56] bound to thread [main]
        at org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(TransactionSynchronizationManager.java:199)
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doCleanupAfterCompletion(JpaTransactionManager.java:489)
        at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.cleanupAfterCompletion(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:1011)
        at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.processCommit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:804)
        at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.commit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:723)
        at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener$TransactionContext.endTransaction(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:515)
        at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.endTransaction(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:290)
        at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.afterTestMethod(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:183)
        at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.afterTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:426)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:90)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
        at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:59)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.executeTestSet(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:115)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.execute(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:102)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:180)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:599)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireBooter.java:350)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.main(SurefireBooter.java:1021)
23:18:53,078  WARN TestContextManager:377 - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@359a359a] to process 'before' execution of test method [public void com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest.testFindPersons()] for test instance [com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest@79f279f2]
org.springframework.transaction.IllegalTransactionStateException: Pre-bound JDBC Connection found! JpaTransactionManager does not support running within DataSourceTransactionManager if told to manage the DataSource itself. It is recommended to use a single JpaTransactionManager for all transactions on a single DataSource, no matter whether JPA or JDBC access.
        at org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager.doBegin(JpaTransactionManager.java:304)
        at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:371)
        at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener$TransactionContext.startTransaction(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:507)
        at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.startNewTransaction(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:269)
        at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:162)
        at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:374)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:73)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:82)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:240)
        at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
        at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:180)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4TestSet.execute(JUnit4TestSet.java:59)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.executeTestSet(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:115)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.suite.AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.execute(AbstractDirectoryTestSuite.java:102)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.Surefire.run(Surefire.java:180)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:37)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:599)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.runSuitesInProcess(SurefireBooter.java:350)
        at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.SurefireBooter.main(SurefireBooter.java:1021)
Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 3, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 15.625 sec <<< FAILURE!

Results :

Tests in error:
  testCreatePerson(com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest)
  testCreatePerson(com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest)
  testFindPersons(com.xyz.person.test.PersonServiceTest)

Tests run: 3, Failures: 0, Errors: 3, Skipped: 0

Answer 1

我遇到了同样的问题（JUnit测试在Maven Surefire中失败，但在Eclipse中通过了），并设法通过将forkMode 始终设置为pom.xml中的maven surefire配置来解决了这个问题：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.12</version>
    <configuration>
        <forkMode>always</forkMode>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

正如PeterPerháč所指出的那样，自Surefire 2.14开始不推荐使用forkMode参数。从Surefire 2.14开始，请改用此命令：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.16</version>
    <configuration>
        <reuseForks>false</reuseForks>
        <forkCount>1</forkCount>
    </configuration>
</plugin>