JPA：关于在实体类中添加toString方法的java.lang.StackOverflowError

Question

一切正常，直到我添加toSting()了实体类。

之后，我开始在运行时收到以下错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StackOverflowError
    at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.append(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.StringBuilder.<init>(Unknown Source)
    at entity.Guide.toString(Guide.java:51)
    at java.lang.String.valueOf(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(Unknown Source)
    at entity.Student.toString(Student.java:45)
        ...

@Entity
public class Teacher {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy="teacher", cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST})
    private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();

    public Teacher() {}
    public Teacher(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Set<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }       
    public void addStudent(Student student) {
        students.add(student);
        student.setTeacher(this);
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher[id=" + id + ", name=" + name
                + ", students=" + students + "]";
    }

}

public class SnafuClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("snafu");
        EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
        EntityTransaction txn = em.getTransaction();

                try {
                    txn.begin();

                    Query query = em.createQuery("select teacher from Teacher teacher");
                    List<Teacher> teachers = query.getResultList();

                    for (Teacher teacher: teachers) {
                System.out.println(teacher);
            }


                    txn.commit();
                }   catch(Exception e) {
                    if(txn != null) { txn.rollback(); }
                    e.printStackTrace();
             }  finally {
                    if(em != null) { em.close(); }
                }

    }
}

编辑：添加的学生实体代码

@Entity
public class Student {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.REMOVE})
    @JoinColumn(name="teacher_id")
    private Teacher teacher;

    public Student() {}
    public Student(String name, Teacher teacher) {
        this.name = name;
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }

    public Teacher getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [id=" + id + 
                + ", name=" + name + ", teacher=" + teacher + "]";
    }

}

Answer 1

根据学生班级的增加进行了更新

根据堆栈跟踪，您的问题与关联Student.toString()，因此发生了什么：

在中Teacher.toString()，您Student.toString()通过将students成员放在String串联语句中隐式调用+ students +。Student.toString()通过teacher在String串联语句中包含成员，代码内的功能类似。

这意味着调用Teacher.toString()或Student.toString()将最终导致永无止境的循环，其中：Teacher.toString()隐式调用Student.toString()，后者又隐式调用Teacher.toString()，后者又调用Student.toString()，后者又调用…

这2个.toString()实现以不断循环的方式来回调用，来回调用，来回调用，这最终使堆栈溢出并导致java.lang.StackOverflowError。

若要更正此问题，应删除.toString()对实体方法的隐式引用。作为替代，你可以有Teacher.toString()简单输出length()的的students收集和可能包括的名单Student姓名（或名称）。并在中Student.toString()，仅包括Teacher.name成员。