使用Python的Selenium-Geckodriver可执行文件必须位于PATH中

Question

我正在使用IDLE，并且已经安装了selenium模块和Firefox浏览器。每当我尝试运行webdriver函数时，都会得到以下信息：

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

例外：

Exception ignored in: <bound method Service.__del__ of <selenium.webdriver.firefox.service.Service object at 0x00000249C0DA1080>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 163, in __del__
    self.stop()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 135, in stop
    if self.process is None:
AttributeError: 'Service' object has no attribute 'process'
Exception ignored in: <bound method Service.__del__ of <selenium.webdriver.firefox.service.Service object at 0x00000249C0E08128>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 163, in __del__
    self.stop()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 135, in stop
    if self.process is None:
AttributeError: 'Service' object has no attribute 'process'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 64, in start
    stdout=self.log_file, stderr=self.log_file)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\subprocess.py", line 947, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\subprocess.py", line 1224, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#11>", line 1, in <module>
    browser = webdriver.Firefox()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 135, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "C:\Python\Python35\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 71, in start
    os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH. 

我想我需要设置路径，geckodriver但不确定如何设置，所以谁能告诉我该怎么做？

Answer 1

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException：消息：“ geckodriver”可执行文件必须位于PATH中。

首先，你需要从此处下载最新的可执行geckodriver，以使用硒运行最新的Firefox。

实际上，Selenium客户端绑定试图geckodriver从系统中找到可执行文件PATH。你将需要将包含可执行文件的目录添加到系统路径。

在Unix系统上，如果使用的是与bash兼容的shell，则可以执行以下操作将其附加到系统的搜索路径中：

export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/directory/of/executable/downloaded/in/previous/step

在Windows上，你将需要更新Path系统变量以 手动或命令行将完整目录路径添加到可执行geckodriver （不要忘记在将可执行geckodriver添加到系统PATH中生效后重新启动系统）。其原理与Unix相同。

现在，你可以按照以下步骤运行代码：-

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Firefox()

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException：消息：预期的浏览器二进制位置，但无法在默认位置找到二进制位置，未提供’moz：firefoxOptions.binary’功能，并且命令行上未设置二进制标志

异常清楚地表明你在Selenium试图查找Firefox并从默认位置启动时在其他位置安装了Firefox，但找不到。你需要提供明确安装了firefox的二进制位置才能启动firefox，如下所示：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary

binary = FirefoxBinary('path/to/installed firefox binary')
browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary)