Python-pip安装失败，并显示“连接错误：[SSL：CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]证书验证失败（_ssl.c：598）”

Question

尝试> pip install linkchecker在Windows 7上使用。

• 无论软件包如何，pip安装都会失败。例如，> pip install scrapy还会导致SSL错误。
• 原始安装的Python 3.4.1包含pip 1.5.6。我尝试做的第一件事是安装linkchecker。Python 2.7已经安装，它是ArcGIS附带的。python并且pip直到我安装3.4.1时才可从命令行使用。
• > pip search linkchecker作品。可能是因为点子搜索无法验证站点的SSL证书。
• 我在公司网络中，但是我们不通过代理访问Internet。
• 每台公司计算机（包括我的计算机）都具有受信任的根证书颁发机构，出于各种原因使用该证书颁发机构，包括启用监视到https://google.com的 TLS流量。不确定是否与此有关。
• 这是运行后我的pip.log的内容pip install linkchecker：

Downloading/unpacking linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/: connection error: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/ (Caused by <class 'http.client.CannotSendRequest'>: Request-sent)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  URLs to search for versions for linkchecker:
  * https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Getting page https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/: connection error: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:598)
  Will skip URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/linkchecker/ when looking for download links for linkchecker
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement linkchecker
Cleaning up...
  Removing temporary dir C:\Users\jcook\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_jcook...
No distributions at all found for linkchecker
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 278, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder, force_root_egg_info=self.bundle, bundle=self.bundle)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\req.py", line 1177, in prepare_files
    url = finder.find_requirement(req_to_install, upgrade=self.upgrade)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\pip\index.py", line 277, in find_requirement
    raise DistributionNotFound('No distributions at all found for %s' % req)
pip.exceptions.DistributionNotFound: No distributions at all found for linkchecker

Answer 1

你可以使用以下参数指定证书：

pip --cert /etc/ssl/certs/FOO_Root_CA.pem install linkchecker

请参阅：文档»参考指南»点

如果指定你公司的根证书无效，则可能无法使用cURL：http : //curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem

你必须使用PEM文件而不是CRT文件。如果你有CRT文件，则需要将其转换为PEM。注释中有报告说，该报告现在可用于CRT文件，但我尚未验证。