如何从接口获取物理接口IP地址

Question

到目前为止，我使用PyQt类所做的事情：

all_Addresses = QNetworkInterface.allAddresses()    #list-of-QHostAddress

for addr in all_Addresses:
    print(addr.toString())

输出：

172.16.0.186 - Virtual Interface IP address
192.168.10.2 - Physical interface IP address. I want this one.
127.0.0.1

使用socket：

import socket
print(socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()))

输出：

172.16.0.186 - When openVPN is on
192.168.10.2 - When its off

1. 有没有办法区分它们？
2. 可以使用普通的Python代替PyQt类吗？
3. 如何获得IPv6地址？

Answer 1

您应该使用netifaces。它被设计为跨平台的，并且包含Windows专用代码以及可在不同UNIX
/ UNIX类平台上工作的各种通用版本。

从netifaces版本0.10.0开始，支持Python3。

使用摘要

>>> from netifaces import AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_LINK, AF_PACKET, AF_BRIDGE
>>> import netifaces as ni
>>> ni.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'eth1', 'vboxnet0', 'dummy1']
>>>
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_LINK]   # NOTE: AF_LINK is an alias for AF_PACKET
[{'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', 'addr': '00:02:55:7b:b2:f6'}]
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_INET]
[{'broadcast': '172.16.161.7', 'netmask': '255.255.255.248', 'addr': '172.16.161.6'}]
>>>
>>> # eth0 ipv4 interface address
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[AF_INET][0]['addr']
'172.16.161.6'
>>>>

细节

Windows支持：

大多数MS Windows安装都不需要编译器。如果收到有关为Windows安装MS Visual C
++的警告，请非常小心，因为您需要将用于python的编译器版本与用于模块的编译器版本匹配。

netifaces数据结构的详细示例：

>>> import netifaces as ni
>>> ni.interfaces()
['lo', 'eth0', 'eth1', 'vboxnet0', 'dummy1']
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')
{
    17: [
        {
            'broadcast': 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff',
            'addr': '00:02:55:7b:b2:f6'
        }
    ],
    2: [
        {
            'broadcast': '172.16.161.7',
            'netmask': '255.255.255.248',
            'addr': '172.16.161.6'
        }
    ],
    10: [
        {
            'netmask': 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::',
            'addr': 'fe80::202:55ff:fe7b:b2f6%eth0'
        }
    ]
}
>>> 
>>> print(ni.ifaddresses.__doc__)
Obtain information about the specified network interface.

Returns a dict whose keys are equal to the address family constants,
e.g. netifaces.AF_INET, and whose values are a list of addresses in
that family that are attached to the network interface.
>>>
>>> # for the IPv4 address of eth0
>>> ni.ifaddresses('eth0')[2][0]['addr']
'172.16.161.6'

用于索引协议的数字来自/usr/include/linux/socket.h（在Linux中）… 编辑
：我的3.2内核在这里具有它们：/usr/src/linux-headers-3.2.0-4-common/include/linux/socket.h

#define AF_INET         2       /* Internet IP Protocol         */
#define AF_INET6        10      /* IP version 6                 */
#define AF_PACKET       17      /* Packet family                */

好消息是您不必记住所有这些标头常量，它们包含在netifaces中：

>>> from netifaces import AF_INET, AF_INET6, AF_LINK, AF_PACKET, AF_BRIDGE
>>> import netifaces as ni