使用单个查询（递归查询）在mysql表中查找所有父级

Question

我有这个架构

样本数据

| ID |             TITLE | CONTROLLER |            METHOD | PARENT_ID |
|----|-------------------|------------|-------------------|-----------|
|  1 |         Dashboard |      admin |         dashboard |         0 |
|  2 |           Content |      admin |           content |         0 |
|  3 |           Modules |      admin |           modules |         0 |
|  4 |             Users |      admin |             users |         0 |
|  5 |          Settings |      admin |          settings |         0 |
|  6 |           Reports |      admin |           reports |         0 |
|  7 |              Help |      admin |              help |         0 |
|  8 |             Pages |    content |             pages |         2 |
|  9 |             Media |    content |             media |         2 |
| 10 |          Articles |    content |          articles |         2 |
| 11 |            Menues |    content |            menues |         2 |
| 12 |         Templates |    content |         templates |         2 |
| 13 |            Themes |    content |            themes |         2 |
| 14 |              Blog |    content |              blog |         2 |
| 15 |             Forum |    content |             forum |         2 |
| 16 |      Core Modules |    modules |       core_module |         3 |
| 17 |      User Modules |    modules |       user_module |         3 |
| 18 |         All Users |      users |         all_users |         4 |
| 19 |            Groups |      users |            groups |         4 |
| 20 |       Permissions |      users |       permissions |         4 |
| 21 | Import and Export |      users |     import_export |         4 |
| 22 |        Send Email |      users |         send_mail |         4 |
| 23 |     Login Records |      users |     login_records |         4 |
| 24 |  General Settings |   settings |  general_settings |         5 |
| 25 |    Email Settings |   settings |    email_settings |         5 |
| 26 |   Popular Content |    reports |   popular_content |         6 |
| 27 | Most Active Users |    reports | most_active_users |         6 |
| 28 |     Documentation |       help |     documentation |         7 |
| 29 |             About |       help |             about |         7 |
| 30 |          Products |   products |           product |        17 |
| 31 |        Categories | categories |          category |        17 |

SQL Fiddle演示。我已经插入了一些示例数据。

查兰芝

我需要找到唱片标题的所有父母Categories。如何仅通过一个查询就可以获取所有父母？
我的意思是我需要这个结果：

期望的输出

id | title        |  controller  | method      | url     | parent_id 
----------------------------------------------------------------  
3  | Modules      |   admin      | modules     | (NULL)  | 0           
17 | User Modules |   modules    | user_module | (NULL)  | 3           
31 | Categories   |   categories | category    | (NULL)  | 17

假设我想使用其所有父项来获取条目，并且要使用where条件id = 31，那么它应该获取上述记录。

Answer 1

SELECT T2.id, T2.title,T2.controller,T2.method,T2.url
FROM (
    SELECT
        @r AS _id,
        (SELECT @r := parent_id FROM menu WHERE id = _id) AS parent_id,
        @l := @l + 1 AS lvl
    FROM
        (SELECT @r := 31, @l := 0) vars,
        menu m
    WHERE @r <> 0) T1
JOIN menu T2
ON T1._id = T2.id
ORDER BY T1.lvl DESC;

演示版