如何衡量Docker构建步骤的持续时间？

Question

是否可以将Docker配置为输出构建Dockerfile的时间？

我们拥有一个中等规模的开发团队，并希望收集有关我们开发人员的开发容器的平均构建时间的统计信息。

理想情况下，它应该测量各个步骤的持续时间。

Answer 1

BuildKit在18.06中进行实验，并在18.09中普遍提供，内置了此功能。要以实验性模式配置dockerd守护程序，可以设置daemon.json：

$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "experimental": true
}

然后，您可以使用环境变量从客户端启用BuildKit：

$ export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1
$ docker build -t java-test:latest .
[+] Building 421.6s (13/13) FINISHED
 => local://context (.dockerignore)                                                                           1.6s
 => => transferring context: 56B                                                                              0.3s
 => local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)                                                                           2.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 895B                                                                          0.4s
 => CACHED docker-image://docker.io/tonistiigi/copy:v0.1.3@sha256:e57a3b4d6240f55bac26b655d2cfb751f8b9412d6f  0.1s
 => docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine                                                     1.0s
 => => resolve docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine                                                         0.0s
 => local://context                                                                                           1.7s
 => => transferring context: 6.20kB                                                                           0.4s
 => docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine                                                     1.3s
 => => resolve docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine                                                         0.0s
 => /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache maven                                                                      61.0s
 => copy /src-0/pom.xml java/pom.xml                                                                          1.3s
 => /bin/sh -c mvn dependency:go-offline                                                                    339.4s
 => copy /src-0 java                                                                                          0.9s
 => /bin/sh -c mvn package -Dmaven.test.skip=true                                                            10.2s
 => copy /src-0/gs-spring-boot-docker-0.1.0.jar java/app.jar                                                  0.8s
 => exporting to image                                                                                        1.2s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                       1.0s
 => => writing image sha256:d57028743ca10bb4d0527a294d5c83dd941aeb1033d4fe08949a135677846179                  0.1s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/java-test:latest                                                           0.1s

还有一个选项可以禁用tty控制台输出，该选项会生成更适合脚本编写的输出，并且每个部分都有开始，停止和持续时间：

$ docker build -t java-test:latest --progress plain .

#1 local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)                                                      
#1       digest: sha256:da721b637ea85add6e26070a48520675cefc2bed947c626f392be9890236d11b
#1         name: "local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)"      
#1      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899809093 +0000 UTC
#1    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899903348 +0000 UTC
#1     duration: 94.255µs
#1      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.900069076 +0000 UTC
#1 transferring dockerfile: 38B done
#2 ...

#2 local://context (.dockerignore)  
#2       digest: sha256:cbf55954659905f4d7bd2fc3e5e52d566055eecd94fd7503565315022d834c21
#2         name: "local://context (.dockerignore)"       
#2      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899624016 +0000 UTC
#2    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899695455 +0000 UTC
#2     duration: 71.439µs
#2      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899839335 +0000 UTC
#2    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.359527504 +0000 UTC
#2     duration: 459.688169ms                                                            
#2 transferring context: 34B done


#1 local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)
#1    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.592304408 +0000 UTC
#1     duration: 692.235332ms


#3 docker-image://docker.io/tonistiigi/copy:v0.1.3@sha256:e57a3b4d6240f55ba...           
#3       digest: sha256:39386c91e9f27ee70b2eefdee12fc8a029bf5edac621b91eb5f3e6001d41dd4f
#3         name: "docker-image://docker.io/tonistiigi/copy:v0.1.3@sha256:e57a3b4d6240f55bac26b655d2cfb751f8b9412d6f7bb1f787e946391fb4b21b"
#3      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.731749377 +0000 UTC 
#3    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.732013326 +0000 UTC
#3     duration: 263.949µs


#5 docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
#5       digest: sha256:d680c6a82813d080081fbc3c024d21ddfa7ff995981cc7b4bfafe55edf80a319
#5         name: "docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine"
#5      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.731483638 +0000 UTC
#5    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.732480345 +0000 UTC
#5     duration: 996.707µs


#4 docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine
#4       digest: sha256:9ed31df4e6731a1718ea93bfa77354ad1ea2d1625c1cb16e2087d16d0b84bd00
#4         name: "docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine"                
#4      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.73176516 +0000 UTC
#4    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.732603067 +0000 UTC
#4     duration: 837.907µs


#7 local://context
#7       digest: sha256:efe765161a29e2bf7a41439cd2e6656fcf6fa6bc97da825ac9b5a0d8adecf1ac
#7         name: "local://context"
#7      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.73178732 +0000 UTC
#7    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.731880943 +0000 UTC
#7     duration: 93.623µs
#7      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.792740019 +0000 UTC
#7 transferring context: 473B done
#7    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.059008345 +0000 UTC
#7     duration: 266.268326ms


#9 /bin/sh -c mvn dependency:go-offline
#9       digest: sha256:2197672cd7a44d93e0dba40aa00d7ef41f8680226d91f469d1c925646bdc8d6d
#9         name: "/bin/sh -c mvn dependency:go-offline"
#9      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#9    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#9     duration: 0s
#9       cached: true


#10 copy /src-0 java
#10       digest: sha256:36cf252c34be098731bd8c5fb3f273f9c1437a5f74a65a3555d71150c2092fa7
#10         name: "copy /src-0 java"
#10      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#10    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#10     duration: 0s
#10       cached: true

#11 /bin/sh -c mvn package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
#11       digest: sha256:390464b1fdc7a4c833b3476033d95b7714e22bcbfd018469e97b04781cb41532
#11         name: "/bin/sh -c mvn package -Dmaven.test.skip=true"
#11      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#11    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#11     duration: 0s
#11       cached: true


#12 copy /src-0/gs-spring-boot-docker-0.1.0.jar java/app.jar
#12       digest: sha256:a7d60191a720f80de72a77ebe0d4bd1b0fd55d44e623661e80916b7fd1952076
#12         name: "copy /src-0/gs-spring-boot-docker-0.1.0.jar java/app.jar"
#12      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#12    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203555216 +0000 UTC
#12     duration: 106.069µs
#12       cached: true


#6 /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache maven
#6       digest: sha256:db505db5e418f195c7bad3a710ad40bec3d91d47ff11a6f464b3ae37af744e7d
#6         name: "/bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache maven"
#6      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#6    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#6     duration: 0s
#6       cached: true


#8 copy /src-0/pom.xml java/pom.xml
#8       digest: sha256:f032d4ff111c6ab0efef1a4e37d2467fffe43f48a529b8d56291ec81f96296ab
#8         name: "copy /src-0/pom.xml java/pom.xml"
#8      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#8    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#8     duration: 0s
#8       cached: true


#13 exporting to image
#13       digest: sha256:d536dc2895c30fbde898bb4635581350a87c21f3695913ba21850a73d31422d9
#13         name: "exporting to image"
#13      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203674127 +0000 UTC
#13 exporting layers done
#13 writing image sha256:d57028743ca10bb4d0527a294d5c83dd941aeb1033d4fe08949a135677846179 0.1s done
#13 naming to docker.io/library/java-test:latest
#13    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.341300051 +0000 UTC
#13     duration: 137.625924ms
#13 naming to docker.io/library/java-test:latest 0.0s done