Django管理，静态和媒体文件中的混乱

Question

我是Django（1.4）的新手，我很难理解静态文件，媒体文件和管理文件的原理。该项目的结构从一个教程到另一个教程都是不同的，对于Webfaction（我将在其中托管应用程序）也是如此。我想知道什么是组织它的最佳方式，并且在将它部署到Webfaction时花费最少的精力和编辑，静态媒体和管理文件的意义是什么？先感谢你

Answer 1

本质上，你想在开发中使用django提供静态文件。准备好投入生产后，你希望服务器为你执行此操作（它们的构建旨在快速完成它:-)）

这是一个基本设置，登录服务器后，运行collectstatic命令以获取服务器指向的static-root文件夹中的所有静态文件（请参阅重写规则）。

./manage.py collectstatic

settings.py

    from os import path
    import socket

    PROJECT_ROOT = path.dirname(path.abspath(__file__)) #gets directory settings is in

    # Dynamic content is saved to here
    MEDIA_ROOT = path.join(PROJECT_ROOT,'media')
    # if ".webfaction.com" in socket.gethostname():
    #    MEDIA_URL = 'http://(dev.)yourdomain.com/media/'
    # else:
        MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

    # Static content is saved to here --
    STATIC_ROOT = path.join(PROJECT_ROOT,'static-root') # this folder is used to collect static files in production. not used in development
    STATIC_URL =  "/static/"
    STATICFILES_DIRS = (
        ('', path.join(PROJECT_ROOT,'static')), #store site-specific media here.
    )

    # List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
    # various locations.
    STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
        'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
    #    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
    )

settings_deployment.py

from settings import *

DEBUG = False
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
MEDIA_URL = "http://yourdomain.com/media/"

urls.py

...other url patterns...

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns() #this serves static files and media files.
    #in case media is not served correctly
    urlpatterns += patterns('',
        url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {
            'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT,
            }),
    )

django.conf（lighttpd，可能是apache或nginx），但我相信webfaction有一个应用程序服务可以轻松地对此进行设置

$HTTP["host"] =~ "(^|\.)yourdomain\.com$" {
    fastcgi.server = (
        "/django.fcgi" => (
            "main" => (
                "socket" => env.HOME + "/project/project.sock",
                "check-local" => "disable",
            )
        ),
    )
    alias.url = (
        "/media" => env.HOME + "/project/media",
        "/static" => env.HOME + "/project/static-root",
    )

    url.rewrite-once = (
        "^(/media.*)$" => "$1",
        "^(/static.*)$" => "$1",
        "^/favicon\.ico$" => "/static/img/favicon.png",
        "^(/.*)$" => "/django.fcgi$1",
    )
}