7. WebDriver API

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2023-12-01

Note

这不是一个官方的文档. 但是你可以在这访问官方文档：官方文档.

这一章包含所有的 Selenium WebDriver 接口.

Recommended Import Style

The API definitions in this chapter shows the absolute location of classes. However the recommended import style is as given below:

from selenium import webdriver

Then, you can access the classes like this:

webdriver.Firefox
webdriver.FirefoxProfile
webdriver.Chrome
webdriver.ChromeOptions
webdriver.Ie
webdriver.Opera
webdriver.PhantomJS
webdriver.Remote
webdriver.DesiredCapabilities
webdriver.ActionChains
webdriver.TouchActions
webdriver.Proxy

The special keys class (Keys) can be imported like this:

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

The exception classes can be imported like this (Replace the TheNameOfTheExceptionClass with actual class name given below):

from selenium.common.exceptions import [TheNameOfTheExceptionClass]

Conventions used in the API

Some attributes are callable (or methods) and others are non-callable (properties). All the callable attributes are ending with round brackets.

Here is an example for property:

current_url
URL of the current loaded page.
Usage:
driver.current_url

Here is an example for a method:

close()
Closes the current window.
Usage:
driver.close()

7.1. Exceptions

Exceptions that may happen in all the webdriver code.

exception selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotInteractableException(msg=None, screen=None, stacktrace=None) The ActionChains implementation, class selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains.ActionChains(driver) The Alert implementation. class selenium.webdriver.common.alert.Alert(driver) The Keys implementation. class selenium.webdriver.common.keys.Keys These are the attributes which can be used to locate elements. See the 查找元素 chapter for example usages. The By implementation. class selenium.webdriver.common.by.By See the 使用远程 Selenium WebDriver section for example usages of desired capabilities. The Desired Capabilities implementation. class selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities.DesiredCapabilities The Utils methods. selenium.webdriver.common.utils.find_connectable_ip(host, port=None) class selenium.webdriver.firefox.webdriver.WebDriver(firefox_profile=None, firefox_binary=None, timeout=30, capabilities=None, proxy=None, executable_path='geckodriver', firefox_options=None, log_path='geckodriver.log') class selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver(executable_path='chromedriver', port=0, chrome_options=None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=None) The WebDriver implementation. class selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver.WebDriver(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub', desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None, keep_alive=False, file_detector=None) class selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement(parent, id_, w3c=False) class selenium.webdriver.support.select.Select(webelement) class selenium.webdriver.support.color.Color(red, green, blue, alpha=1) class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.alert_is_present¶ Bases: object Expect an alert to be present. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_selection_state_to_be(locator, is_selected)¶ Bases: object An expectation to locate an element and check if the selection state specified is in that state. locator is a tuple of (by, path) is_selected is a boolean class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_to_be_selected(locator)¶ Bases: object An expectation for the element to be located is selected. locator is a tuple of (by, path) class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_selection_state_to_be(element, is_selected)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking if the given element is selected. element is WebElement object is_selected is a Boolean.” class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable(locator)¶ Bases: object An Expectation for checking an element is visible and enabled such that you can click it. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_selected(element)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking the selection is selected. element is WebElement object class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(locator)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking whether the given frame is available to switch to. If the frame is available it switches the given driver to the specified frame. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.invisibility_of_element_located(locator)¶ Bases: object An Expectation for checking that an element is either invisible or not present on the DOM. locator used to find the element class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.new_window_is_opened(current_handles)¶ Bases: object An expectation that a new window will be opened and have the number of windows handles increase class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.number_of_windows_to_be(num_windows)¶ Bases: object An expectation for the number of windows to be a certain value. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_all_elements_located(locator)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that there is at least one element present on a web page. locator is used to find the element returns the list of WebElements once they are located class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(locator)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page. This does not necessarily mean that the element is visible. locator - used to find the element returns the WebElement once it is located class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.staleness_of(element)¶ Bases: object Wait until an element is no longer attached to the DOM. element is the element to wait for. returns False if the element is still attached to the DOM, true otherwise. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, text_)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking if the given text is present in the specified element. locator, text class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, text_)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking if the given text is present in the element’s locator, text class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_contains(title)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that the title contains a case-sensitive substring. title is the fragment of title expected returns True when the title matches, False otherwise class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_is(title)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking the title of a page. title is the expected title, which must be an exact match returns True if the title matches, false otherwise. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_changes(url)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking the current url. url is the expected url, which must not be an exact match returns True if the url is different, false otherwise. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_contains(url)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that the current url contains a case-sensitive substring. url is the fragment of url expected, returns True when the title matches, False otherwise class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_matches(pattern)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking the current url. pattern is the expected pattern, which must be an exact match returns True if the title matches, false otherwise. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.url_to_be(url)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking the current url. url is the expected url, which must be an exact match returns True if the title matches, false otherwise. class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of(element)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that an element, known to be present on the DOM of a page, is visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. element is the WebElement returns the (same) WebElement once it is visible class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_all_elements_located(locator)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that all elements are present on the DOM of a page and visible. Visibility means that the elements are not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. locator - used to find the elements returns the list of WebElements once they are located and visible class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_any_elements_located(locator)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that there is at least one element visible on a web page. locator is used to find the element returns the list of WebElements once they are located class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_element_located(locator)¶ Bases: object An expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page and visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. locator - used to find the element returns the WebElement once it is located and visible