登录
目录
当前位置： 首页 > 文档资料 > Hibernate 中文教程 >

Native SQL（Native SQL）

优质
小牛编辑
131浏览
2023-12-01

如果要在Oracle中使用特定于数据库的功能（如查询提示或CONNECT关键字），则可以使用本机SQL来表示数据库查询。 Hibernate 3.x允许您为所有创建，更新，删除和加载操作指定手写SQL，包括存储过程。

您的应用程序将使用Session接口上的createSQLQuery()方法从会话创建本机SQL查询 -

public SQLQuery createSQLQuery(String sqlString) throws HibernateException

将包含SQL查询的字符串传递给createSQLQuery（）方法后，可以使用addEntity（），addJoin（）和addScalar（）方法将SQL结果与现有的Hibernate实体，连接或标量结果相关联分别。

标量查询

最基本的SQL查询是从一个或多个表中获取标量（值）列表。 以下是使用本机SQL进行标量值的语法 -

String sql = "SELECT first_name, salary FROM EMPLOYEE";
SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
query.setResultTransformer(Criteria.ALIAS_TO_ENTITY_MAP);
List results = query.list();

实体查询

上面的查询都是关于返回标量值，基本上返回结果集中的“原始”值。 以下是通过addEntity（）从本机sql查询中获取整个实体对象的语法。

String sql = "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE";
SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
query.addEntity(Employee.class);
List results = query.list();

命名的SQL查询

以下是通过addEntity（）和使用命名SQL查询从本机sql查询中获取实体对象的语法。

String sql = "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE id = :employee_id";
SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
query.addEntity(Employee.class);
query.setParameter("employee_id", 10);
List results = query.list();

本机SQL示例

考虑以下POJO类 -

public class Employee {
   private int id;
   private String firstName; 
   private String lastName;   
   private int salary;  
   public Employee() {}
   public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
      this.firstName = fname;
      this.lastName = lname;
      this.salary = salary;
   }
   public int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setId( int id ) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getFirstName() {
      return firstName;
   }
   public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
      this.firstName = first_name;
   }
   public String getLastName() {
      return lastName;
   }
   public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
      this.lastName = last_name;
   }
   public int getSalary() {
      return salary;
   }
   public void setSalary( int salary ) {
      this.salary = salary;
   }
}

让我们创建以下EMPLOYEE表来存储Employee对象 -

create table EMPLOYEE (
   id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
   first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
   last_name  VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
   salary     INT  default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

以下将是映射文件 -

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 
<hibernate-mapping>
   <class name = "Employee" table = "EMPLOYEE">
      <meta attribute = "class-description">
         This class contains the employee detail. 
      </meta>
      <id name = "id" type = "int" column = "id">
         <generator/>
      </id>
      <property name = "firstName" column = "first_name" type = "string"/>
      <property name = "lastName" column = "last_name" type = "string"/>
      <property name = "salary" column = "salary" type = "int"/>
   </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

最后，我们将使用main（）方法创建应用程序类，以运行我们将使用Native SQL查询的应用程序 -

import java.util.*; 
import org.hibernate.HibernateException; 
import org.hibernate.Session; 
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.SQLQuery;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
   private static SessionFactory factory; 
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      try {
         factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
      } catch (Throwable ex) { 
         System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
         throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); 
      }
      ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
      /* Add few employee records in database */
      Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Zara", "Ali", 2000);
      Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Daisy", "Das", 5000);
      Integer empID3 = ME.addEmployee("John", "Paul", 5000);
      Integer empID4 = ME.addEmployee("Mohd", "Yasee", 3000);
      /* List down employees and their salary using Scalar Query */
      ME.listEmployeesScalar();
      /* List down complete employees information using Entity Query */
      ME.listEmployeesEntity();
   }
   /* Method to CREATE an employee in the database */
   public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary){
      Session session = factory.openSession();
      Transaction tx = null;
      Integer employeeID = null;
      try {
         tx = session.beginTransaction();
         Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
         employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee); 
         tx.commit();
      } catch (HibernateException e) {
         if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally {
         session.close(); 
      }
      return employeeID;
   }
   /* Method to  READ all the employees using Scalar Query */
   public void listEmployeesScalar( ){
      Session session = factory.openSession();
      Transaction tx = null;
      try {
         tx = session.beginTransaction();
         String sql = "SELECT first_name, salary FROM EMPLOYEE";
         SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
         query.setResultTransformer(Criteria.ALIAS_TO_ENTITY_MAP);
         List data = query.list();
         for(Object object : data) {
            Map row = (Map)object;
            System.out.print("First Name: " + row.get("first_name")); 
            System.out.println(", Salary: " + row.get("salary")); 
         }
         tx.commit();
      } catch (HibernateException e) {
         if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally {
         session.close(); 
      }
   }
   /* Method to READ all the employees using Entity Query */
   public void listEmployeesEntity( ){
      Session session = factory.openSession();
      Transaction tx = null;
      try {
         tx = session.beginTransaction();
         String sql = "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE";
         SQLQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
         query.addEntity(Employee.class);
         List employees = query.list();
         for (Iterator iterator = employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){
            Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next(); 
            System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()); 
            System.out.print("  Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()); 
            System.out.println("  Salary: " + employee.getSalary()); 
         }
         tx.commit();
      } catch (HibernateException e) {
         if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      } finally {
         session.close(); 
      }
   }
}

以下是编译和运行上述应用程序的步骤。 确保在进行编译和执行之前已适当地设置了PATH和CLASSPATH。

  • 按配置章节中的说明创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件。

  • 创建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件，如上所示。

  • 如上所示创建Employee.java源文件并进行编译。

  • 创建ManageEmployee.java源文件，如上所示并编译它。

  • 执行ManageEmployee二进制文件以运行该程序。

您将获得以下结果，并且将在EMPLOYEE表中创建记录。

$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
First Name: Zara, Salary: 2000
First Name: Daisy, Salary: 5000
First Name: John, Salary: 5000
First Name: Mohd, Salary: 3000
First Name: Zara  Last Name: Ali  Salary: 2000
First Name: Daisy  Last Name: Das  Salary: 5000
First Name: John  Last Name: Paul  Salary: 5000
First Name: Mohd  Last Name: Yasee  Salary: 3000

如果您检查您的EMPLOYEE表，它应该有以下记录 -

mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 26 | Zara       | Ali       |   2000 |
| 27 | Daisy      | Das       |   5000 |
| 28 | John       | Paul      |   5000 |
| 29 | Mohd       | Yasee     |   3000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
免责声明： 以上内容版权归原作者所有，如有侵犯您的原创版权请告知，我们将尽快删除相关内容。感谢每一位辛勤著写的作者，感谢每一位的分享。
@小牛知识库 xnip.cn