web3.eth.contract
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2023-12-01
web3.eth.contract(abiArray)
创建一个Solidity的合约对象，用来在某个地址上初始化合约。
参数：
Array- 一到多个描述合约的函数，事件的ABI对象。
返回值：
Object - 一个合约对象。
示例：
var MyContract = web3.eth.contract(abiArray);
// instantiate by address
var contractInstance = MyContract.at([address]);
// deploy new contract
var contractInstance = MyContract.new([contructorParam1] [, contructorParam2], {data: '0x12345...', from: myAccount, gas: 1000000});
// Get the data to deploy the contract manually
var contractData = MyContract.new.getData([contructorParam1] [, contructorParam2], {data: '0x12345...'});
// contractData = '0x12345643213456000000000023434234'
你可以或者使用一个在某个地址上已经存在的合约，或者使用编译后的字节码部署一个全新的的合约。
// Instantiate from an existing address:
var myContractInstance = MyContract.at(myContractAddress);
// Or deploy a new contract:
// Deploy the contract asyncronous from Solidity file:
...
const fs = require("fs");
const solc = require('solc')
let source = fs.readFileSync('nameContract.sol', 'utf8');
let compiledContract = solc.compile(source, 1);
let abi = compiledContract.contracts['nameContract'].interface;
let bytecode = compiledContract.contracts['nameContract'].bytecode;
let gasEstimate = web3.eth.estimateGas({data: bytecode});
let MyContract = web3.eth.contract(JSON.parse(abi));
var myContractReturned = MyContract.new(param1, param2, {
from:mySenderAddress,
data:bytecode,
gas:gasEstimate}, function(err, myContract){
if(!err) {
// NOTE: The callback will fire twice!
// Once the contract has the transactionHash property set and once its deployed on an address.
// e.g. check tx hash on the first call (transaction send)
if(!myContract.address) {
console.log(myContract.transactionHash) // The hash of the transaction, which deploys the contract
// check address on the second call (contract deployed)
} else {
console.log(myContract.address) // the contract address
}
// Note that the returned "myContractReturned" === "myContract",
// so the returned "myContractReturned" object will also get the address set.
}
});
// Deploy contract syncronous: The address will be added as soon as the contract is mined.
// Additionally you can watch the transaction by using the "transactionHash" property
var myContractInstance = MyContract.new(param1, param2, {data: myContractCode, gas: 300000, from: mySenderAddress});
myContractInstance.transactionHash // The hash of the transaction, which created the contract
myContractInstance.address // undefined at start, but will be auto-filled later
示例：
// contract abi
var abi = [{
name: 'myConstantMethod',
type: 'function',
constant: true,
inputs: [{ name: 'a', type: 'string' }],
outputs: [{name: 'd', type: 'string' }]
}, {
name: 'myStateChangingMethod',
type: 'function',
constant: false,
inputs: [{ name: 'a', type: 'string' }, { name: 'b', type: 'int' }],
outputs: []
}, {
name: 'myEvent',
type: 'event',
inputs: [{name: 'a', type: 'int', indexed: true},{name: 'b', type: 'bool', indexed: false}]
}];
// creation of contract object
var MyContract = web3.eth.contract(abi);
// initiate contract for an address
var myContractInstance = MyContract.at('0xc4abd0339eb8d57087278718986382264244252f');
// call constant function
var result = myContractInstance.myConstantMethod('myParam');
console.log(result) // '0x25434534534'
// send a transaction to a function
myContractInstance.myStateChangingMethod('someParam1', 23, {value: 200, gas: 2000});
// short hand style
web3.eth.contract(abi).at(address).myAwesomeMethod(...);
// create filter
var filter = myContractInstance.myEvent({a: 5}, function (error, result) {
if (!error)
console.log(result);
/*
{
address: '0x8718986382264244252fc4abd0339eb8d5708727',
topics: "0x12345678901234567890123456789012", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005",
data: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
...
}
*/
});
合约对象的方法
// Automatically determines the use of call or sendTransaction based on the method type
myContractInstance.myMethod(param1 [, param2, ...] [, transactionObject] [, defaultBlock] [, callback]);
// Explicitly calling this method
myContractInstance.myMethod.call(param1 [, param2, ...] [, transactionObject] [, defaultBlock] [, callback]);
// Explicitly sending a transaction to this method
myContractInstance.myMethod.sendTransaction(param1 [, param2, ...] [, transactionObject] [, callback]);
// Get the call data, so you can call the contract through some other means
var myCallData = myContractInstance.myMethod.getData(param1 [, param2, ...]);
// myCallData = '0x45ff3ff6000000000004545345345345..'
合约对象内封装了使用合约的相关方法。可以通过传入参数，和交易对象来使用方法。
参数：
String|Number- （可选）零或多个函数参数。如果传入一个字符串，需要使用十六进制编码，如，0xdedbeef。Object- （可选）最后一个参数（如果传了callback，则是倒数第二个参数），可以是一个交易对象。查看web3.eth.sendTransaction的第一个参数说明来了解更多。注意，这里不需要填data和to属性。Number|String-（可选）如果不设置此值使用web3.eth.defaultBlock设定的块，否则使用指定的块。Function-（可选）回调函数，用于支持异步的方式执行[async]。
返回值：
String - 如果发起的是一个call，对应的是返回结果。如果是transaction，则要么是一个创建的合约地址，或者是一个transaction的哈希值。查看web3.eth.sendTransaction了解更多。
示例：
// creation of contract object
var MyContract = web3.eth.contract(abi);
// initiate contract for an address
var myContractInstance = MyContract.at('0x78e97bcc5b5dd9ed228fed7a4887c0d7287344a9');
var result = myContractInstance.myConstantMethod('myParam');
console.log(result) // '0x25434534534'
myContractInstance.myStateChangingMethod('someParam1', 23, {value: 200, gas: 2000}, function(err, result){ ... });
合约对象的事件
你可以像web3.eth.filter这样使用事件，他们有相同的方法，但需要传递不同的对象来创建事件过滤器。
参数：
Object- 你想返回的索引值（过滤哪些日志）。如，{'valueA': 1, 'valueB': [myFirstAddress, mySecondAddress]}。默认情况下，所以有过滤项被设置为null。意味着默认匹配的是合约所有的日志。Object- 附加的过滤选项。参见web3.eth.filter的第一个参数。默认情况下，这个对象会设置address为当前合约地址，同时第一个主题为事件的签名。Function-（可选）传入一个回调函数，将立即开始监听，这样就不用主动调用myEvent.watch(function(){})[async]。
回调返回值：
Object - 事件对象，如下：
address:String，32字节- 日志产生的合约地址。args:Object- 事件的参数。blockHash:String，32字节- 日志所在块的哈希。如果是pending的日志，则为null。blockNumber:Number- 日志所在块的块号。如果是pending的日志，则为null。logIndex:Number- 日志在区块中的序号。如果是pending的日志，则为null。event:String- 事件名称。removed:bool- 标识产生事件的这个交易是否被移除（因为孤块），或从未生效（被拒绝的交易）。transactionIndex:Number- 产生日志的交易在区块中的序号。如果是pending的日志，则为null。transactionHash:String，32字节- 产生日志的交易哈希值。
示例：
var MyContract = web3.eth.contract(abi);
var myContractInstance = MyContract.at('0x78e97bcc5b5dd9ed228fed7a4887c0d7287344a9');
// watch for an event with {some: 'args'}
var myEvent = myContractInstance.MyEvent({some: 'args'}, {fromBlock: 0, toBlock: 'latest'});
myEvent.watch(function(error, result){
...
});
// would get all past logs again.
var myResults = myEvent.get(function(error, logs){ ... });
...
// would stop and uninstall the filter
myEvent.stopWatching();
合约 allEvents
var events = myContractInstance.allEvents([additionalFilterObject]);
// watch for changes
events.watch(function(error, event){
if (!error)
console.log(event);
});
// Or pass a callback to start watching immediately
var events = myContractInstance.allEvents([additionalFilterObject,] function(error, log){
if (!error)
console.log(log);
});
调用合约创建的所有事件的回调。
参数：
Object- 附加的过滤选项。参见web3.eth.filter的第一个参数。默认情况下，这个对象会设置address为当前合约地址，同时第一个主题为事件的签名。Function-（可选）传入一个回调函数，将立即开始监听，这样就不用主动调用myEvent.watch(function(){})[async]。
回调返回值：
Object - 详见合约对象的事件了解更多。
示例：
var MyContract = web3.eth.contract(abi);
var myContractInstance = MyContract.at('0x78e97bcc5b5dd9ed228fed7a4887c0d7287344a9');
// watch for an event with {some: 'args'}
var events = myContractInstance.allEvents({fromBlock: 0, toBlock: 'latest'});
events.watch(function(error, result){
...
});
// would get all past logs again.
events.get(function(error, logs){ ... });
...
// would stop and uninstall the filter
myEvent.stopWatching();