Sphinx 扩展

Since many projects will need special features in their documentation, Sphinx is designed to be extensible on several levels.

This is what you can do in an extension: First, you can add new builders to support new output formats or actions on the parsed documents. Then, it is possible to register custom reStructuredText roles and directives, extending the markup. And finally, there are so-called “hook points” at strategic places throughout the build process, where an extension can register a hook and run specialized code.

An extension is simply a Python module. When an extension is loaded, Sphinx imports this module and executes its setup() function, which in turn notifies Sphinx of everything the extension offers – see the extension tutorial for examples.

The configuration file itself can be treated as an extension if it contains a setup() function. All other extensions to load must be listed in the extensions configuration value.

• Tutorial: Writing a simple extension
  • Build Phases
  • Extension Design
  • The Setup Function
  • The Node Classes
  • The Directive Classes
  • The Event Handlers
• Extension API
  • Sphinx core events
  • The template bridge
  • Domain API
• Writing new builders

Builtin Sphinx extensions

These extensions are built in and can be activated by respective entries in the extensions configuration value:

• sphinx.ext.autodoc – Include documentation from docstrings
  • Docstring preprocessing
  • Skipping members
• sphinx.ext.autosummary – Generate autodoc summaries
  • sphinx-autogen – generate autodoc stub pages
  • Generating stub pages automatically
  • Customizing templates
• sphinx.ext.doctest – Test snippets in the documentation
• sphinx.ext.intersphinx – Link to other projects’ documentation
• Math support in Sphinx
  • sphinx.ext.pngmath – Render math as PNG images
  • sphinx.ext.mathjax – Render math via JavaScript
  • sphinx.ext.jsmath – Render math via JavaScript
• sphinx.ext.graphviz – Add Graphviz graphs
• sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram – Include inheritance diagrams
• sphinx.ext.refcounting – Keep track of reference counting behavior
• sphinx.ext.ifconfig – Include content based on configuration
• sphinx.ext.coverage – Collect doc coverage stats
• sphinx.ext.todo – Support for todo items
• sphinx.ext.extlinks – Markup to shorten external links
• sphinx.ext.viewcode – Add links to highlighted source code
• sphinx.ext.oldcmarkup – Compatibility extension for old C markup

Third-party extensions

You can find several extensions contributed by users in the Sphinx Contrib repository. It is open for anyone who wants to maintain an extension publicly; just send a short message asking for write permissions.

There are also several extensions hosted elsewhere. The Wiki at BitBucket maintains a list of those.

If you write an extension that you think others will find useful or you think should be included as a part of Sphinx, please write to the project mailing list (join here).

Where to put your own extensions?

Extensions local to a project should be put within the project’s directory structure. Set Python’s module search path, sys.path, accordingly so that Sphinx can find them. E.g., if your extension foo.py lies in the exts subdirectory of the project root, put into conf.py:

import sys, os

sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('exts'))

extensions = ['foo']

You can also install extensions anywhere else on sys.path, e.g. in the site-packages directory.