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在介绍Arduino Core For ESP8266的时候,博主之前一直讲解Arduino For ESP8266,但是它本质上还是基于ESP8266 Non-OS SDK,所以有必要去了解一下Arduino下的ESP8266 Nos-OS SDK。
Non-OS SDK为用户提供了一套应用程序编程接⼝ (API),能够实现 ESP8266 的核心功能
改,例如数据接收/发送、TCP/IP 功能、硬件接口功能,以及基本的系统管理功能等。⽤
户不必关心底层网络,如 Wi-Fi、TCP/IP 等的具体实现,只需要专注于物联网上层应用的
开发,利用相应接口实现各种功能即可。
ESP8266 物联网平台的所有网络功能均在库中实现,对用户不透明。用户应用的初始化
功能可以在 user_main.c 中实现。
根据上面这点说明,我们去查阅Arduino Core For ESP8266的源码,可以发现以下关键代码(代码在core_esp8266_main.cpp,请读者关注一下中文注释就好):
/*
main.cpp - platform initialization and context switching
emulation
Copyright (c) 2014 Ivan Grokhotkov. All rights reserved.
This file is part of the esp8266 core for Arduino environment.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
//This may be used to change user task stack size:
//#define CONT_STACKSIZE 4096
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "Schedule.h"
extern "C" {
#include "ets_sys.h"
#include "os_type.h"
#include "osapi.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "cont.h"
}
#include <core_version.h>
#include "gdb_hooks.h"
//轮询任务相关
#define LOOP_TASK_PRIORITY 1
#define LOOP_QUEUE_SIZE 1
#define OPTIMISTIC_YIELD_TIME_US 16000
extern "C" void call_user_start();
//是不是非常熟悉的两个方法。。。。
extern void loop();
extern void setup();
//是不是非常熟悉的两个方法。。。。
extern void (*__init_array_start)(void);
extern void (*__init_array_end)(void);
/* Not static, used in Esp.cpp */
//用户重置信息,特别是异常信息
struct rst_info resetInfo;
/* Not static, used in core_esp8266_postmortem.c and other places.
* Placed into noinit section because we assign value to this variable
* before .bss is zero-filled, and need to preserve the value.
*/
cont_t* g_pcont __attribute__((section(".noinit")));
/* Event queue used by the main (arduino) task */
//创建一个事件队列,队列大小是1
static os_event_t s_loop_queue[LOOP_QUEUE_SIZE];
/* Used to implement optimistic_yield */
static uint32_t s_micros_at_task_start;
extern "C" {
extern const uint32_t __attribute__((section(".ver_number"))) core_version = ARDUINO_ESP8266_GIT_VER;
const char* core_release =
#ifdef ARDUINO_ESP8266_RELEASE
ARDUINO_ESP8266_RELEASE;
#else
NULL;
#endif
} // extern "C"
void initVariant() __attribute__((weak));
void initVariant() {
}
void preloop_update_frequency() __attribute__((weak));
void preloop_update_frequency() {
#if defined(F_CPU) && (F_CPU == 160000000L)
REG_SET_BIT(0x3ff00014, BIT(0));
ets_update_cpu_frequency(160);
#endif
}
extern "C" void esp_yield() {
if (cont_can_yield(g_pcont)) {
cont_yield(g_pcont);
}
}
extern "C" void esp_schedule() {
ets_post(LOOP_TASK_PRIORITY, 0, 0);
}
extern "C" void __yield() {
if (cont_can_yield(g_pcont)) {
esp_schedule();
esp_yield();
}
else {
panic();
}
}
extern "C" void yield(void) __attribute__ ((weak, alias("__yield")));
extern "C" void optimistic_yield(uint32_t interval_us) {
if (cont_can_yield(g_pcont) &&
(system_get_time() - s_micros_at_task_start) > interval_us)
{
yield();
}
}
//真正的业务操作,这是一个非常重要的方法
static void loop_wrapper() {
static bool setup_done = false;
preloop_update_frequency();
if(!setup_done) {
//这里就是我们常见的setup方法
setup();
setup_done = true;
}
//这里就是我们常见的loop方法 终于看到arduino相关的了
loop();
//下面这个方法也非常重要 顾名思义 schedule(日程安排 跟配置好的一些回调方法相关), 但是请注意这个方法是在loop后面执行的。。
run_scheduled_functions();
esp_schedule();
}
//轮询任务
static void loop_task(os_event_t *events) {
(void) events;
s_micros_at_task_start = system_get_time();
cont_run(g_pcont, &loop_wrapper);
//发现情况不对 就执行panic
if (cont_check(g_pcont) != 0) {
panic();
}
}
static void do_global_ctors(void) {
void (**p)(void) = &__init_array_end;
while (p != &__init_array_start)
(*--p)();
}
//初始化完成操作
void init_done() {
//设置打印功能
system_set_os_print(1);
gdb_init();
do_global_ctors();
esp_schedule();
}
/* This is the entry point of the application.
* It gets called on the default stack, which grows down from the top
* of DRAM area.
* .bss has not been zeroed out yet, but .data and .rodata are in place.
* Cache is not enabled, so only ROM and IRAM functions can be called.
* Peripherals (except for SPI0 and UART0) are not initialized.
* This function does not return.
*/
/*
A bit of explanation for this entry point:
SYS is the SDK task/context used by the upperlying system to run its
administrative tasks (at least WLAN and lwip's receive callbacks and
Ticker). NONOS-SDK is designed to run user's non-threaded code in
another specific task/context with its own stack in BSS.
Some clever fellows found that the SYS stack was a large and quite unused
piece of ram that we could use for the user's stack instead of using user's
main memory, thus saving around 4KB on ram/heap.
A problem arose later, which is that this stack can heavily be used by
the SDK for some features. One of these features is WPS. We still don't
know if other features are using this, or if this memory is going to be
used in future SDK releases.
WPS beeing flawed by its poor security, or not beeing used by lots of
users, it has been decided that we are still going to use that memory for
user's stack and disable the use of WPS.
app_entry() jumps to app_entry_custom() defined as "weakref" calling
itself a weak customizable function, allowing to use another one when
this is required (see core_esp8266_app_entry_noextra4k.cpp, used by WPS).
(note: setting app_entry() itself as "weak" is not sufficient and always
ends up with the other "noextra4k" one linked, maybe because it has a
default ENTRY(app_entry) value in linker scripts).
References:
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/pull/4553
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/pull/4622
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/issues/4779
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/pull/4889
*/
extern "C" void ICACHE_RAM_ATTR app_entry_redefinable(void) __attribute__((weak));
extern "C" void ICACHE_RAM_ATTR app_entry_redefinable(void)
{
/* Allocate continuation context on this SYS stack,
and save pointer to it. */
cont_t s_cont __attribute__((aligned(16)));
g_pcont = &s_cont;
/* Call the entry point of the SDK code. */
call_user_start();
}
static void ICACHE_RAM_ATTR app_entry_custom (void) __attribute__((weakref("app_entry_redefinable")));
extern "C" void ICACHE_RAM_ATTR app_entry (void)
{
return app_entry_custom();
}
//程序入口函数
extern "C" void user_init(void) {
//打印重启信息 特别是异常信息
struct rst_info *rtc_info_ptr = system_get_rst_info();
memcpy((void *) &resetInfo, (void *) rtc_info_ptr, sizeof(resetInfo));
uart_div_modify(0, UART_CLK_FREQ / (115200));
init();
initVariant();
cont_init(g_pcont);
//开始业务操作 跑轮询任务
ets_task(loop_task,
LOOP_TASK_PRIORITY, s_loop_queue,
LOOP_QUEUE_SIZE);
//初始化完成
system_init_done_cb(&init_done);
}
Non-OS SDK 不像基于RTOS的应用程序支持任务调度。Non-OS SDk使用四种类型的函数:
注意点: