pythonnose框架_python nose测试框架全面介绍三

三、nose的测试工具集

nose.tools模块提供了一系列的小工具，包括测试执行时间、异常输出及unittest框架中所有的assert功能。

为了使写用例更加容易，nose.tools提供了部分便利的功能函数，下面写几个常用的，如下：

nose.tools.ok_(expr, msg=None)

标准的assert，例子如下：

from nose.tools importeq_deftest_lean_2():print "test_learn_2"ok_(4==3,msg="Error")

运行结果如下：

E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case>nosetests -v test_case_0001:test_lean_2

test_case_0001.test_lean_2 ... FAIL======================================================================FAIL: test_case_0001.test_lean_2----------------------------------------------------------------------Traceback (most recent call last):

File"c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, inrunTest

self.test(*self.arg)

File"E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0001.py", line 26, intes

t_lean_2

ok_(4==3,msg="xxx")

AssertionError: xxx-------------------- >> begin captured stdout << ---------------------test_learn_2--------------------- >> end captured stdout << ----------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran1 test in0.045s

FAILED (failures=1)

E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case>

nose.tools.eq_(a, b, msg=None)

将参数a与b快速对比

from nose.tools importeq_deftest_learn_1():

eq_(5, 6, msg="Wrong")

运行结果如下：

======================================================================FAIL: test_case_0001.test_learn_1----------------------------------------------------------------------Traceback (most recent call last):

File"c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, inrunTest

self.test(*self.arg)

File"E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0001.py", line 20, intes

t_learn_1

eq_(5, 6, msg="Wrong")

AssertionError: Wrong

nose.tools.assert_in(member, container, msg=None)

代码如下：

from nose.tools importassert_indeftest_lean_5():

assert_in("aaa",'bbb',msg="test in failed")

运行结果如下：

======================================================================FAIL: test_case_0002.test_lean_5----------------------------------------------------------------------Traceback (most recent call last):

File"c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, inrunTest

self.test(*self.arg)

File"E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py", line 24, intes

t_lean_5

assert_in("aaa",'bbb',msg="test in failed")

AssertionError: testinfailed----------------------------------------------------------------------

其它的assert这里就不说了，nose.tools包含很多内容，可以直接查询。

下面再介绍几个有用的nose.tools工具

nose.tools.set_trace()

-------------单步调试工具，在多个模块，大程序时这个功能好用。内部使用的是pdb.set_trace

代码如下：

from nose.tools importassert_infrom nose.tools importset_tracedeftest_lean_5():

set_trace()

assert_in("aaa",'bbb',msg="test in failed")

结果如下：

test_case_0002.test_lean_5 ... >e:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py(26)test_lean_5()-> assert_in("aaa",'bbb',msg="test in failed")

(Pdb) n

AssertionError: Assertio...failed',)

> e:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py(26)test_lean_5()-> assert_in("aaa",'bbb',msg="test in failed")

(Pdb) n--Return--

> e:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py(26)test_lean_5()->None-> assert_in("aaa",'bbb',msg="test in failed")

(Pdb) n

AssertionError: Assertio...failed',)

> c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py(197)runTest()-> self.test(*self.arg)

(Pdb) c

FAIL0002test teardown======================================================================FAIL: test_case_0002.test_lean_5----------------------------------------------------------------------Traceback (most recent call last):

File"c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, inrunTest

self.test(*self.arg)

File"E:\workspace\nosetest_lear\test_case\test_case_0002.py", line 26, intes

t_lean_5

assert_in("aaa",'bbb',msg="test in failed")

AssertionError: testin failed

nose.tools.timed(limit)

测试必须在设定的时间内(以秒为单位)完成 ，否则测试失败；代码如下：

from nose.tools importtimedimporttime

@timed(1)deftest_lean_5():

time.sleep(2)pass

测试结果如下：

test_case_0002.test_lean_5 ... FAIL======================================================================FAIL: test_case_0002.test_lean_5----------------------------------------------------------------------Traceback (most recent call last):

File"c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\case.py", line 197, inrunTest

self.test(*self.arg)

File"c:\python27\lib\site-packages\nose\tools\nontrivial.py", line 100, inne

wfuncraise TimeExpired("Time limit (%s) exceeded" %limit)

TimeExpired: Time limit (1) exceeded----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran1 test in 2.006s

FAILED (failures=1)

nose.tools中还有很多assert的函数工具，不一一介绍了，列出表如下，需要的时候可以使用。

assert_equal(first, second, msg=None)

两个对像对比，使用"=="操作对比

assert_not_equal(first, second, msg=None)

不相等

assert_true(expr, msg=None)

判定表达式是否为真

assert_false(expr, msg=None)

判定表达式是否为假

assert_is(expr1, expr2, msg=None)

expr1 is expr2

assert_is_not(expr1, expr2, msg=None)

assert_is_none(obj, msg=None)

为空

assert_is_not_none(obj, msg=None)

不为空

assert_in(member, container, msg=None)

merber in container判断

assert_not_in(member, container, msg=None)

不包含判断

assert_is_instance(obj, cls, msg=None)

assert_not_is_instance(obj, cls, msg=None)

assert_raises_regexp(expected_exception, expected_regexp,

callable_obj=None, *args, **kwargs)

assert_almost_equal(first, second, places=None, msg=None, delta=None)

assert_greater(a, b, msg=None)

assert_greater_equal(a, b, msg=None)

assert_less(a, b, msg=None)

assert_less_equal(a, b, msg=None)

assert_regexp_matches(text, expected_regexp, msg=None)

assert_not_regexp_matches(text, unexpected_regexp, msg=None)

assert_items_equal(expected_seq, actual_seq, msg=None)

assert_dict_contains_subset(expected, actual, msg=None)

assert_multi_line_equal(first, second, msg=None)

assert_sequence_equal(seq1, seq2, msg=None, seq_type=None)

assert_list_equal(list1, list2, msg=None)

assert_tuple_equal(tuple1, tuple2, msg=None)

assert_set_equal(set1, set2, msg=None)

assert_dict_equal(d1, d2, msg=None)

下节将介绍nose的内置插件的使用