astyle是一个我自己常用的开放源码工具。它可以方便的将程序代码格式化成自己想要的样式而不必人工修改。本来嘛,作为高等生物应该优先去做一些智慧的事情,而不是把时间消耗在机器可以完美完成的事情上。
想要立刻开始?请先去主页http://sourceforge.net/projects/astyle下载最新版本。可以选择二进制版本,也可以下载源码自行编译。总之得到可执行文件后请将astyle放在Path(C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE)中,这样会方便很多。
astyle是一个命令行工具,命令语法很简单:astyle [options] < original > Beautified astyle [options] Foo.cpp Bar.cpp [...]
例如:
astyle --style=ansi foo.cpp
上面的命令将美化foo.cpp文件,更改其风格为ANSI,并将原始文件备份到foo.cpp.orgin。所以,你可以安全的使用该软件而不必担心会将代码改得无法回头。
具体的来说,astyle包含了以下几种预定义风格,只需在参数中简单指定即可使用:
--style=ansi:ANSI 风格格式和缩进namespace foospace{ int Foo() { if (isBar) { bar(); return 1; } else return 0; }}
--style=kr :Kernighan&Ritchie 风格格式和缩进namespace foospace { int Foo() { if (isBar) { bar(); return 1; } else return 0; }}
--style=linux :Linux 风格格式和缩进namespace foospace{ int Foo() { if (isBar) { bar(); return 1; } else return 0; }}
--style=gnu :GNU 风格格式和缩进namespace foospace{ int Foo() { if (isBar) { bar(); return 1; } else return 0; }}
--style=java :Java 风格格式和缩进class foospace { int Foo() { if (isBar) { bar(); return 1; } else return 0; }}
从这里开始介绍astyle的高级应用!这里要介绍的是两种应用情形,一是在Visual Studio中整合,二是批量处理。
先看如何在Visual Studio中整合。看图说话!
第一步:点击“工具”菜单
第二步:点击“外部工具”
第三步:配置并保存
在对话框中点击“添加”,如图填入各项。其中参数填写 --style=ansi $(ItemFileName)$(ItemExt)
可以勾选“使用输出窗口”,这样将不会显示黑色的命令窗口。相关信息都会显示在Visual Studio中。
经过上面设置之后,只需点击该菜单项就可以将当前文档格式化成ansi风格。如果你想要其它风格,可以自行设置参数。
值得注意的是在低版本的Visual Studio中,默认设置运行外部程序不会保存当前文档。这样的话如果在未保存的情况下运行该命令,未保存部分将会丢失。这个可以通过设置一个选项来解决。Visual Studio 6.0中:Options -> Editor -> Save Options -> Save before running tools 将该项勾选即可。我已经验证,在Visual Studio 2005中不用担心这类问题,可以放心使用。但是作为一个好习惯,我仍然建议你随时保存你的工作,尤其是做这种大幅度改动之前,甚至应该对源代码进行Check in操作。不知道Check in是什么?没关系,过几天我还会写一篇关于代码控制的文章,应该可以解决你的疑惑。
1.常用功能(1) 单个文件--缺省美化astyle --style=ansi Form1.cs处理前的代码: private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { int s; for (int i=0;i<10;i++){ for (int j=0;j<10; j++){ s = s+j+i;} } }处理后: private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { int s; for (int i=0;i<10;i++) { for (int j=0;j<10; j++) { s = s+j+i; } } }
(2) 单个文件--更改缩进2个空格astyle --style=ansi --indent=spaces=2 Form1.cs缺省缩进一个TAB,也可以显式说明使用Tab,如下:astyle --style=ansi --indent=tab Form1.cs
(3) 处理多个文件--有限个astyle --style=ansi Form1.cs Form2.cs
(4) 批量处理多个文件--无限个for /R .\ %f in (*.cs) do astyle --style=ansi "%f"说明:/R表明遍历一个目录树,后面紧跟的路径是根,缺省为当前目录。本例中,根为.\表示当前目录,命令等价于:for /R %f in (*.cs) do astyle --style=ansi "%f"作用是从(目录树根)当前目录开始,查找所有java文件,包含子目录中的文件;然后交给astyle处理。当然,目录树根也可以使用绝对路径,下面的命令查找C盘所有的java文件并处理。for /R c:\ %f in (*.cs) do astyle --style=ansi "%f"
2. 其他比较有用的开关:(1) -f在两行不相关的代码之间插入空行,如import和public class之间、public class和成员之间等;(2) -p在操作符两边插入空格,如=、+、-等。如:int a=10*60;处理后变成int a = 10 * 60;(3) -P在括号两边插入空格。另,-d只在括号外面插入空格,-D只在里面插入。如:MessageBox.Show ("aaa");处理后变成MessageBox.Show ( "aaa" );(4) -U移除括号两边不必要的空格。如:MessageBox.Show ( "aaa" );处理后变成MessageBox.Show ("aaa");(5) -V将Tab替换为空格。
下面再介绍第二项独门绝技:批量格式化!
有时候你会有很多文件需要格式化成统一风格,难道一个个点击菜单?不!那样太累了。
在Windows中,我们可以用命令行来解决问题。这里用到一个超级命令 for
我来写个范例,大家就知道该怎么处理了。
for /R %f in (*.cpp;*.c;*.h) do astyle --style=ansi "%f"
该命令在当前目录中寻找文件名匹配模式 *.cpp;*.c;*.h 的所有文件(不同模式可用英文逗号隔开),并且对每个文件%f执行操作:
astyle --style=ansi "%f"
好了,本教程可以结束了。希望对你有所帮助。
下面是标准的程序文档,如果你想了解更多用法,可以一读;如果你只是像我一样日常使用该工具,就可以不看了。
Modified edition by Qiongzhu Wan, 2004.09
Usage : astyle [options] < original > Beautified astyle [options] Foo.cpp Bar.cpp [...]
When indenting a specific file, the resulting indented file RETAINS theoriginal file-name. The original pre-indented file is renamed, with asuffix of ".orig" added to the original filename.
By default, astyle is set up to indent C/C++/C# files, with 4 spaces perindent, a maximal indentation of 40 spaces inside continuous statements,and NO formatting.
Option's Format:---------------- Long options (starting with '--') must be written one at a time. Short options (starting with '-') may be appended together. Thus, -bps4 is the same as -b -p -s4.
Predefined Styling options:-------------------- --style=ansi ANSI style formatting/indenting.
--style=kr Kernighan&Ritchie style formatting/indenting.
--style=gnu GNU style formatting/indenting.
--style=java Java mode, with standard java style formatting/indenting.
--style=linux Linux mode (i.e. 8 spaces per indent, break definition-block brackets but attach command-block brackets.
Indentation options:-------------------- -c or --mode=c Indent a C, C++ or C# source file (default)
-j or --mode=java Indent a Java(TM) source file
-s or -s# or --indent=spaces=# Indent using # spaces per indent. Not specifying # will result in a default of 4 spacec per indent.
-t or -t# or --indent=tab=# Indent using tab characters, assuming that each tab is # spaces long. Not specifying # will result in a default assumption of 4 spaces per tab.
-T# or --force-indent=tab=# Indent using tab characters, assuming that each tab is # spaces long. Force tabs to be used in areas Astyle would prefer to use spaces.
-C or --indent-classes Indent 'class' blocks, so that the inner 'public:', 'protected:' and 'private: headers are indented in relation to the class block.
-S or --indent-switches Indent 'switch' blocks, so that the inner 'case XXX:' headers are indented in relation to the switch block.
-K or --indent-cases Indent 'case XXX:' lines, so that they are flush with their bodies..
-N or --indent-namespaces Indent the contents of namespace blocks.
-B or --indent-brackets Add extra indentation to '{' and '}' block brackets.
-G or --indent-blocks Add extra indentation entire blocks (including brackets).
-L or --indent-labels Indent labels so that they appear one indent less than the current indentation level, rather than being flushed completely to the left (which is the default).
-m# or --min-conditional-indent=# Indent a minimal # spaces in a continuous conditional belonging to a conditional header.
-M# or --max-instatement-indent=# Indent a maximal # spaces in a continuous statement, relatively to the previous line.
-E or --fill-empty-lines Fill empty lines with the white space of their previous lines.
--indent-preprocessor Indent multi-line #define statements
Formatting options:------------------- -b or --brackets=break Break brackets from pre-block code (i.e. ANSI C/C++ style).
-a or --brackets=attach Attach brackets to pre-block code (i.e. Java/K&R style).
-l or --brackets=linux Break definition-block brackets and attach command-block brackets.
--brackets=break-closing-headers Break brackets before closing headers (e.g. 'else', 'catch', ..). Should be appended to --brackets=attach or --brackets=linux.
-o or --one-line=keep-statements Don't break lines containing multiple statements into multiple single-statement lines.
-O or --one-line=keep-blocks Don't break blocks residing completely on one line
-p or --pad=oper Insert space paddings around operators only.
--pad=paren Insert space paddings around parenthesies only.
-P or --pad=all Insert space paddings around operators AND parenthesies.
--convert-tabs Convert tabs to spaces.
--break-blocks Insert empty lines around unrelated blocks, labels, classes, ...
--break-blocks=all Like --break-blocks, except also insert empty lines around closing headers (e.g. 'else', 'catch', ...).
--break-elseifs Break 'else if()' statements into two different lines.
Other options:------------- --suffix=#### Append the suffix #### instead of '.orig' to original filename.
-X or --errors-to-standard-output Print errors and help information to standard-output rather than to standard-error.
-v or --version Print version number
-h or -? or --help Print this help message
Default options file:--------------------- Artistic Style looks for a default options file in the following order: 1. The contents of the ARTISTIC_STYLE_OPTIONS environment variable if it exists. 2. The file called .astylerc in the directory pointed to by the HOME environment variable ( i.e. $HOME/.astylerc ). 3. The file called .astylerc in the directory pointed to by the HOMEPATH environment variable ( i.e. %HOMEPATH%\.astylerc ). If a default options file is found, the options in this file will be parsed BEFORE the command-line options. Options within the default option file may be written without the preliminary '-' or '--'.