什么是Fedora（Linux操作系统/发行版）？
Fedora is a Linux based operating system which provides innovative, free, and open-source platform for hardware, pc, laptop, cloud, and containers. Fedora is also called a Linux distribution where it uses the Linux kernel as the core of the operating system.
Fedora是基于Linux的操作系统，它为硬件，个人计算机，笔记本电脑，云和容器提供了创新的，免费的开源平台。 Fedora也被称为Linux发行版，它使用Linux内核作为操作系统的核心。
Fedora历史 (Fedora History)
Fedora distribution is officially released on 6 November 2003 for the first time. Fedora was a volunteer project which was providing extra software for the Red Hat distribution. When the Red Hat Linux was discontinued the Fedora Linux project is launched as a Linux distribution. As Red Hat Enterprise Linux sponsors the Fedora Project, Fedora is a trademark of Red Hat Inc. The most recent version of Fedora is Fedora 32 as writing this post which is released on 28 April 2020.
Fedora发行版于2003年11月6日首次正式发布。 Fedora是一个志愿者项目，为Red Hat发行版提供了额外的软件。 当Red Hat Linux停产时，Fedora Linux项目作为Linux发行版启动。 由Red Hat Enterprise Linux赞助Fedora项目时，Fedora是Red Hat Inc.的商标。Fedora的最新版本是Fedora 32，撰写本文的时间为2020年4月28日。
Fedora的用途是什么？ (What Is Fedora Used For?)
Fedora Distribution is used for different cases. It is mainly used by enterprise-level users who also use the Red Hat Enterprise Linux or CentOS. Fedora provides more user-friendly experience then RHEL or CentOS. Fedora is also used for different projects like Web Servers, Database Servers, Proxy, VMs, etc.
Fedora发行版用于不同的情况。 它主要由同时使用Red Hat Enterprise Linux或CentOS的企业级用户使用。 与RHEL或CentOS相比，Fedora提供了更加用户友好的体验。 Fedora还用于不同的项目，例如Web服务器，数据库服务器，代理，VM等。
Ubuntu比Fedora更好吗？ (Is Ubuntu Better Than Fedora?)
Well, actually the question may be a bit wrong. The question must be which is more suitable for me? In general Ubuntu and Fedora projects have very similar core values but their methodologies are a bit different. Ubuntu is more popular than Fedora with a more user-friendly and smooth experience. Ubuntu software is a bit outdated according to Fedora and Ubuntu is controlled by the company named Canonical which is mainly managed for enterprise aims.
好吧，实际上这个问题可能有点错。 问题必须是哪个更适合我？ 通常，Ubuntu和Fedora项目的核心价值非常相似，但是其方法略有不同。 Ubuntu比Fedora更为流行，它具有更加用户友好和流畅的体验。 根据Fedora的说法，Ubuntu软件有些过时了，Ubuntu由名为Canonical的公司控制，该公司主要针对企业目标进行管理。
Fedora版本 (Fedora Versions)
From November 2003 to the April 2021 following Fedora versions are released or to be released. Below you can find Fedora versions released information with End-of-life date, Linux Kernel Version and GNOME Desktop environment version.
从2003年11月到2021年4月，将发行或将要发行Fedora版本。 在下面，您可以找到Fedora版本发布的信息，包括寿命终止日期，Linux内核版本和GNOME桌面环境版本。
| Version (Code name) | Release | End-of-life | Kernel | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Yarrow) | 2003-11-05 | 2004-09-20 | 2.4.22 | 2.4 |
| 2 (Tettnang) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-04-11 | 2.6.5 | 2.6 |
| 3 (Heidelberg) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-01-16 | 2.6.9 | 2.8 |
| 4 (Stentz) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-08-07 | 2.6.11 | 2.10 |
| 5 (Bordeaux) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-07-02 | 2.6.15 | 2.14 |
| 6 (Zod) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-12-07 | 2.6.18 | 2.16 |
| 7 (Moonshine) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-06-13 | 2.6.21 | 2.18 |
| 8 (Werewolf) | 2007-11-08 | 2009-01-07 | 2.6.23 | 2.20 |
| 9 (Sulphur) | 2008-05-13 | 2009-07-10 | 2.6.25 | 2.22 |
| 10 (Cambridge) | 2008-11-25 | 2009-12-18 | 2.6.27 | 2.24 |
| 11 (Leonidas) | 2009-06-09 | 2010-06-25 | 2.6.29 | 2.26 |
| 12 (Constantine) | 2009-11-17 | 2010-12-02 | 2.6.31 | 2.28 |
| 13 (Goddard) | 2010-05-25 | 2011-06-24 | 2.6.33 | 2.30 |
| 14 (Laughlin) | 2010-11-02 | 2011-12-08 | 2.6.35 | 2.32 |
| 15 (Lovelock) | 2011-05-24 | 2012-06-26 | 2.6.38 | 3.0 |
| 16 (Verne) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-02-12 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| 17 (Beefy Miracle) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-07-30 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
| 18 (Spherical Cow) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-14 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| 19 (Schrödinger’s Cat) | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-06 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
| 20 (Heisenbug) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-23 | 3.11 | 3.10 |
| 21 | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-01 | 3.17 | 3.14 |
| 22 | 2015-05-26 | 2016-07-19 | 4.0 | 3.16 |
| 23 | 2015-11-03 | 2016-12-20 | 4.2 | 3.18 |
| 24 | 2016-06-21 | 2017-08-08 | 4.5 | 3.20 |
| 25 | 2016-11-22 | 2017-12-12 | 4.8 | 3.22 |
| 26 | 2017-07-11 | 2018-05-29 | 4.11 | 3.24 |
| 27 | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-30 | 4.13 | 3.26 |
| 28 | 2018-05-01 | 2019-05-28 | 4.16 | 3.28 |
| 29 | 2018-10-30 | 2019-11-26 | 4.18 | 3.30 |
| 30 | 2019-05-07 | 2020-05-26 | 5.0 | 3.32 |
| 31 | 2019-10-29 | N/A | 5.3 | 3.34 |
| 32 | 2020-04-28 | N/A | 5.6 | 3.36 |
| 33 | 2020-10-20 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 34 | 2021-04-20 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 版本(代号) | 发布 | 生命尽头 | 核心 | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1(欧arrow草) | 2003-11-05 | 2004-09-20 | 2.4.22 | 2.4 |
| 2(特南) | 2004-05-18 | 2005-04-11 | 2.6.5 | 2.6 |
| 3(海德堡) | 2004-11-08 | 2006-01-16 | 2.6.9 | 2.8 |
| 4(Stentz) | 2005-06-13 | 2006-08-07 | 2.6.11 | 2.10 |
| 5(波尔多) | 2006-03-20 | 2007-07-02 | 2.6.15 | 2.14 |
| 6(Zod) | 2006-10-24 | 2007-12-07 | 2.6.18 | 2.16 |
| 7(月光) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-06-13 | 2.6.21 | 2.18 |
| 8(狼人) | 2007-11-08 | 2009-01-07 | 2.6.23 | 2.20 |
| 9(硫) | 2008-05-13 | 2009-07-10 | 2.6.25 | 2.22 |
| 10(剑桥) | 2008-11-25 | 2009-12-18 | 2.6.27 | 2.24 |
| 11(利奥尼达斯) | 2009-06-09 | 2010-06-25 | 2.6.29 | 2.26 |
| 12(康斯坦丁) | 2009-11-17 | 2010-12-02 | 2.6.31 | 2.28 |
| 13(哥达) | 2010-05-25 | 2011-06-24 | 2.6.33 | 2.30 |
| 14(劳克林) | 2010-11-02 | 2011-12-08 | 2.6.35 | 2.32 |
| 15(Lovelock) | 2011-05-24 | 2012-06-26 | 2.6.38 | 3.0 |
| 16(凡尔纳) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-02-12 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| 17(美丽的奇迹) | 2012-05-29 | 2013-07-30 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
| 18(球形牛) | 2013-01-15 | 2014-01-14 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| 19(薛定ding的猫) | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-06 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
| 20(Heisenbug) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-23 | 3.11 | 3.10 |
| 21 | 2014-12-09 | 2015-12-01 | 3.17 | 3.14 |
| 22 | 2015-05-26 | 2016-07-19 | 4.0 | 3.16 |
| 23 | 2015-11-03 | 2016-12-20 | 4.2 | 3.18 |
| 24 | 2016-06-21 | 2017-08-08 | 4.5 | 3.20 |
| 25 | 2016-11-22 | 2017-12-12 | 4.8 | 3.22 |
| 26 | 2017-07-11 | 2018-05-29 | 4.11 | 3.24 |
| 27 | 2017-11-14 | 2018-11-30 | 4.13 | 3.26 |
| 28 | 2018-05-01 | 2019-05-28 | 4.16 | 3.28 |
| 29 | 2018-10-30 | 2019-11-26 | 4.18 | 3.30 |
| 30 | 2019-05-07 | 2020-05-26 | 5.0 | 3.32 |
| 31 | 2019-10-29 | 不适用 | 5.3 | 3.34 |
| 32 | 2020-04-28 | 不适用 | 5.6 | 3.36 |
| 33 | 2020-10-20 | 不适用 | 不适用 | 不适用 |
| 34 | 2021-04-20 | 不适用 | 不适用 | 不适用 |
Fedora版本(Fedora Editions)
As a free, open-source, and community project Fedora distribution is provided as different editions for different use cases. Fedora Workstation Edition and Fedora Server Edition are official Fedora Editions and natively supported by the Fedora Core Community. Fedora CoreOS Edition , Fedora SilverBlue Edition , Fedora IoT Edition are created by the Fedora Community and supported by the community.
作为一个免费的，开源的社区项目，Fedora发行版针对不同的用例提供了不同的版本。 Fedora Workstation Edition和Fedora Server Edition是正式的Fedora版，并由Fedora核心社区提供本地支持。 Fedora CoreOS Edition ， Fedora SilverBlue Edition ， Fedora IoT Edition由Fedora社区创建并得到社区的支持。
Fedora Workstation Edition is designed for Users, Administrators, Application Developers. Fedora Workstation Edition provides a reliable, user-friendly, and powerful desktop environment for PC, Workstation, Laptop. Most of the users with no specific requirements prefer the Workstation editions. Fedora Workstation Edition provides sleek user information with the GNOME 3 Desktop Environment. But you can also install and use other desktop environments like KDE, XFCE, LXDE, and others easily. It also provides other modern technologies like Virtualization, Containers, and Application Development Tools.
Fedora Workstation Edition专为用户，管理员，应用程序开发人员设计。 Fedora工作站版为PC，工作站，笔记本电脑提供了可靠，用户友好和功能强大的桌面环境。 没有特定要求的大多数用户都喜欢Workstation版本。 Fedora Workstation Edition通过GNOME 3桌面环境提供了流畅的用户信息。 但是，您也可以轻松安装和使用其他桌面环境，例如KDE，XFCE，LXDE和其他环境。 它还提供了其他现代技术，例如虚拟化，容器和应用程序开发工具。
Fedora Server Edition is designed for server environments in order to run different applications, services, virtualization, and containers in a reliable and durable way. Fedora Server Edition can be run on bare metal PC, Laptop, Server, Workstation hardware or as a virtual machine. Fedora Server Editions provides a short-lifecycle, community-supported server operating system with the most recent application versions and updates. Fedora Server Edition provides easy administration tools alongside command-line tools. The cockpit is a web-based GUI to manage Fedora Server Edition. Also, Enterprise Domain technologies like Windows Active Directory can be created with FreeIPA which is an open-source domain controller.
Fedora Server Edition设计用于服务器环境，以便以可靠和持久的方式运行不同的应用程序，服务，虚拟化和容器。 Fedora Server Edition可以在裸机PC，笔记本电脑，服务器，工作站硬件上运行，也可以作为虚拟机运行。 Fedora Server Editions提供了一个短生命周期，社区支持的服务器操作系统，以及最新的应用程序版本和更新。 Fedora Server Edition提供了易于管理的工具以及命令行工具。 座舱是用于管理Fedora Server Edition的基于Web的GUI。 而且，可以使用FreeIPA(它是一个开放源域控制器)来创建Windows Active Directory之类的企业域技术。
Fedora CoreOS Edition is automatically updating, the minimal operating system for containerized workloads in a secure and scalable way.
Fedora CoreOS Edition正在自动更新，这是一种以安全且可扩展的方式处理容器化工作负载的最小操作系统。
Fedora SilverBlue Edition is the immutable version of the Fedora Workstation Edition where applications are installed as containers and only containers are changed, updated during usage of the Fedora SilverBlue.
Fedora SilverBlue Edition是Fedora Workstation Edition的不变版本，在该版本中，应用程序作为容器安装，并且仅更改了容器，并在使用Fedora SilverBlue期间对其进行了更新。
Fedora IoT Edition is a Fedora version designed for low resource IoT hardware and ecosystem. Fedora IoT can be used at smart homes, industrial gateways, smart cities, etc. projects. Fedora IoT Edition is a rolling release distribution to keep the system always up-to-date. Fedora IoT is provided for x86_64 and ARM aarch64 architectures.
Fedora IoT Edition是为低资源IoT硬件和生态系统设计的Fedora版本。 Fedora IoT可以用于智能家居，工业网关，智能城市等项目。 Fedora IoT Edition是滚动发行版本，用于使系统始终保持最新状态。 为x86_64和ARM aarch64体系结构提供了Fedora IoT。
Fedora软件 (Fedora Software )
Fedora is a mature Linux distribution where it comes with a wide range of software list. Fedora provides differen types of software and categories from office tools to design software. Libre Office is installed as default office suite which provides Writer for Documents, Calc for Tables etc. Firefox comes as installed web browser to surf on the internet.
Fedora是一个成熟Linux发行版，其中包含各种软件列表。 Fedora提供了从办公工具到设计软件的不同类型的软件和类别。 Libre Office被安装为默认的办公套件，其中提供了Writer for Documents，Calc for Tables等。Firefox是作为已安装的Web浏览器在Internet上冲浪的。
Fedora软件包管理(Fedora Package Management)
Fedora is a RPM based distributions where software and tools are installed as RPM package in most of the cases. Yum and Dnf tools are used to download, install ,update, remove RPM packages by intelligently managing package dependencies.
Fedora是基于RPM的发行版，在大多数情况下，软件和工具都作为RPM软件包安装。 Yum和Dnf工具用于通过智能管理程序包依赖性来下载，安装，更新，删除RPM程序包。
Fedora安全性 (Fedora Security)
Fedora uses standard Linux security mechanism like ACL and also provides extra security with the SELinux. Fedora packages are updated for security bugs very fast.
Fedora使用标准Linux安全机制(如ACL)，并通过SELinux提供额外的安全性。 Fedora软件包会针对安全性错误进行快速更新。
Fedora架构 (Fedora Architectures)
As a Linux distribution Fedora supports different CPU and hardware architectures. For a long time Fedora and versions supported x86-64 and ARM but with the Fedora 26 release ARM AArch64, IBM Power64, IBM Power64, IBM Z, MIPS-64, MIJPS, RISC-V.
作为Linux发行版，Fedora支持不同的CPU和硬件体系结构。 长期以来，Fedora及其版本都支持x86-64和ARM，但Fedora 26发行版中包含ARM AArch64，IBM Power64，IBM Power64，IBM Z，MIPS-64，MIJPS，RISC-V。
Fedora支持 (Fedora Support )
Fedora has a big and active community from different levels of expertise. You can get help or support from the ask.fedoraproject.org which provides community-driven question-and-answers. If you need more interactive and conversational support you can take a look at the Fedora Forum site discussion.fedoraproject.org. Also, Reddit Fedora Channel, Telegram Group, Discord Group, Facebook Group can be used for further help.
Fedora拥有来自不同专业水平的庞大而活跃的社区。 您可以从ask.fedoraproject.org获得帮助或支持，该网站提供社区驱动的问答。 如果您需要更多的互动和对话支持，可以访问Fedora论坛站点forum.fedoraproject.org 。 另外， Reddit Fedora Channel ， Telegram Group ， Discord Group ， Facebook Group可以用于进一步帮助。
Fedora定价，是免费的 (Fedora Pricing, Yes Its Free)
Fedora is an open-source and community project which uses the Linux kernel. So these attributes make Fedora a free operating system. As stated previously Fedora project is supported by Red Hat Inc. for different project costs.
Fedora是一个使用Linux内核的开源和社区项目。 因此，这些属性使Fedora成为免费的操作系统。 如前所述，Fedora项目由Red Hat Inc.支持以不同的项目成本进行。
费多拉·拉皮(Fedora Rawhide) (Fedora Rawhide)
Fedora Rawhide is the development tree of the Fedora where experimental or tested software is provided. Fedora Rawhide is more recent then other Fedora editions but generally provides less or untested packages and software.
Fedora Rawhide是Fedora Rawhide的开发树，其中提供了实验或经过测试的软件。 Fedora Rawhide比其他Fedora版本更新，但通常提供较少或未经测试的软件包和软件。
翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-fedora-linux-operating-system-distribution/