pssh全称是parallel-ssh,基于Python编写的并发在多台服务器上批量执行命令的工具,它支持文件并行复制、远程并行执行命令、杀掉远程主机上的进程等;该工具可以视作ansible的简化版本,不需要安装任何客户端程序,只需要一台控制主机,并保证控制主机与被管理主机之间建立单向互信即可;由于pssh基于python实现的,所以在安装之前务必保证安装好python2.6以上。
pssh工具包主要用法有5个:
- pssh 多主机并行运行命令
- pscp 传输文件到多个hosts,他的特性和scp差不多
- pslurp 从多台远程机器拷贝文件
- pnuke kill远程机器的进程
- pslurp 从远程主机考本文件到本地
- prsync 使用rsync协议从本地计算机同步到远程主机
参数如下:
常用选项:-H 、-h 、-i
–version:查看版本
-h:主机文件列表,内容格式”[user@]host[:port]”
-H:主机字符串,内容格式”[user@]host[:port]”
-l:登录使用的用户名
-p:并发的线程数【可选】
-o:输出的文件目录【可选】
-e:错误输入文件【可选】
-t:TIMEOUT 超时时间设置,0无限制【可选】
-O:SSH的选项
-v:详细模式
-A:提示手动输入密码模式
-x:额外的命令行参数使用空白符号,引号,反斜线处理
-X:额外的命令行参数,单个参数模式,同-x
-i:每个服务器内部处理信息输出
-P:打印出服务器返回信息
1、安装
先安装ez_setup.py,ez_setup.py是python官方给出的一个安装setuptools的工具,利用它,我们可以很轻松用命令行就自动完成安装过程。
[root@nfs-server test]# wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
--2019-08-03 00:02:41-- http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
正在解析主机 peak.telecommunity.com... 209.190.5.234
正在连接 peak.telecommunity.com|209.190.5.234|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:10240 (10K) [text/plain]
正在保存至: “ez_setup.py”
100%[========================================================================>] 10,240 2.73K/s eta(英国中部时
100%[========================================================================>] 10,240 2.73K/s in 3.7s
2019-08-03 00:02:48 (2.73 KB/s) - 已保存 “ez_setup.py” [10240/10240])
[root@nfs-server test]# wget http://files.opstool.com/files/pssh-2.3.tar.gz
--2019-08-03 00:04:03-- http://files.opstool.com/files/pssh-2.3.tar.gz
正在解析主机 files.opstool.com... 121.41.227.112
正在连接 files.opstool.com|121.41.227.112|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:22135 (22K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “pssh-2.3.tar.gz”
100%[========================================================================>] 22,135 --.-K/s in 0.05s
2019-08-03 00:04:05 (471 KB/s) - 已保存 “pssh-2.3.tar.gz” [22135/22135])
2、解压安装包并安装:
[root@nfs-server test]# ll
总用量 52
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10240 1月 21 2011 ez_setup.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22135 6月 20 2014 pssh-2.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 44 8月 2 23:50 pssh.txt
[root@nfs-server test]# tar xf pssh-2.3.tar.gz
[root@nfs-server test]# cd pssh-2.3
[root@nfs-server pssh-2.3]# python setup.py build
running build
running build_py
running build_scripts
[root@nfs-server pssh-2.3]# python setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/__init__.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/cli.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/manager.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/color.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/psshutil.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/askpass_server.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/task.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/askpass_client.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/version.py -> build/lib/psshlib
running build_scripts
creating build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pssh -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pnuke -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/prsync -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pslurp -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pscp -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pssh-askpass -> build/scripts-2.6
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pssh from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pnuke from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/prsync from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pslurp from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pscp from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pssh-askpass from 644 to 755
running install_lib
creating /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/__init__.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/cli.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/manager.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/color.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/psshutil.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/askpass_server.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/task.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/askpass_client.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/version.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/cli.py to cli.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/manager.py to manager.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/color.py to color.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/psshutil.py to psshutil.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/askpass_server.py to askpass_server.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/task.py to task.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/askpass_client.py to askpass_client.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/version.py to version.pyc
running install_scripts
copying build/scripts-2.6/pslurp -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pnuke -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pscp -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/prsync -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pssh-askpass -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pssh -> /usr/bin
changing mode of /usr/bin/pslurp to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pnuke to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pscp to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/prsync to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pssh-askpass to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pssh to 755
running install_data
creating /usr/man
creating /usr/man/man1
copying man/man1/pssh.1 -> /usr/man/man1
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pssh-2.3-py2.6.egg-info
[root@nfs-server pssh-2.3]# echo $?
0
[root@nfs-server pssh-2.3]# pssh --version
2.3
测试:
①pssh 多主机并行执行命令
获取每台机器上的时间,先在管理机上新建ip.txt
[root@nfs-server test]# cat pssh.txt
root@192.168.0.117:22
root@192.168.0.124:22
[root@nfs-server test]# pssh -p 2 -i -h /root/test/ip.txt "date"
[1] 00:40:21 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.124:22
2019年 08月 03日 星期六 00:40:12 CST
[2] 00:40:21 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.117:22
2019年 08月 03日 星期六 00:40:20 CST
②pscp 把文件并行复制到多个机器上:
将本地的/root/kaishi.sh文件复制到目标服务器的/tmp/目录下
[root@nfs-server test]# pscp -h /root/test/pssh.txt /root/kaishi.sh /tmp/
[1] 07:00:28 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.124:22
[2] 07:00:28 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.117:22
[root@nfs-server test]# pssh -p 2 -i -h /root/test/pssh.txt "ls /tmp/kaishi.sh"
[1] 07:02:23 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.124:22
/tmp/kaishi.sh
[2] 07:02:23 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.117:22
/tmp/kaishi.sh
③prsync 使用rsync协议从本地计算机同步到远程主机
将本地的/etc/sysconfig目录递归同步到目标服务器的 /tmp/目录下,并保持原来的时间戳,使用用户 root
[root@nfs-server test]# prsync -h /root/test/pssh.txt -l -a -r /etc/sysconfig /tmp/test/
[1] 07:21:57 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.124:22
[2] 07:21:57 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.117:22
[root@nfs-server test]# pssh -p 2 -i -h /root/test/pssh.txt "ls /tmp/test/"
[1] 07:22:33 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.117:22
sysconfig
[2] 07:22:33 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.124:22
sysconfig
④pslurp 将文件从远程主机复制到本地
将目标服务器的/tmp/*.log格式的文件复制到本地的/tmp目录下,并更名为test1.log格式,在/tmp/目录下即可看见以远端IP地址命名为目录,目录中存放复制过来的文件。
[root@nfs-server test]# pslurp -p 2 -h /root/test/pssh.txt -L /tmp -l root /tmp/*.log test1.log
[1] 07:36:06 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.124:22
[2] 07:36:06 [SUCCESS] 192.168.0.117:22
[root@nfs-server test]# ll /tmp/
总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 3 07:36 192.168.0.117
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 3 07:36 192.168.0.124
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 7月 30 22:00 sysconfig
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 8月 3 07:16 test
[root@nfs-server test]# cat /tmp/192.168.0.117/test1.log
117
[root@nfs-server test]# cat /tmp/192.168.0.124/test1.log
124
⑤pnuke 并行在远程主机杀进程:
将远端服务器nginx进程杀死
[root@nfs-server test]# pssh -p 2 -i -h /root/test/pssh.txt "lsof -i:80" #查看远端nginx状态
[1] 07:44:16 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.117:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 2739 root 7u IPv4 17042 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 2740 nginx 7u IPv4 17042 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[2] 07:44:16 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.124:22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 2665 root 6u IPv4 16143 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 2666 nginx 6u IPv4 16143 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@nfs-server test]# pnuke -p 2 -h /root/test/pssh.txt nginx #杀死远端nginx进程
[1] 07:44:36 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.117:22
[2] 07:44:36 [SUCCESS] root@192.168.0.124:22
[root@nfs-server test]# pssh -p 2 -i -h /root/test/pssh.txt "lsof -i:80"
[1] 07:44:42 [FAILURE] root@192.168.0.124:22 Exited with error code 1
[2] 07:44:42 [FAILURE] root@192.168.0.117:22 Exited with error code 1
其实集群管理的工具有很多,例如saltstack,puppet,func等,当机器数量比较多的时候,就需要考虑合适的工具来管理的,这样工作效率就会大大提高,事半功倍。