服务端开发,在很多情况下,需要使用到RPC框架,今天发现一款很轻量的RPC框架——JSON-RPC。json rpc 是一种以json为消息格式的远程调用服务,它是一套允许运行在不同操作系统、不同环境的程序实现基于Internet过程调用的规范和一系列的实现。这种远程过程调用可以使用http作为传输协议,也可以使用其它传输协议,传输的内容是json消息体。
json rpc 和xmlrpc相比具有很多优点。首先xmlrpc是以xml作为消息格式,xml具有体积大,格式复杂,传输占用带宽。程序对xml的解析也比较复杂,并且耗费较多服务器资源。json相比xml体积小巧,并且解析相对容易很多。
json-rpc是一种非常轻量级的跨语言远程调用协议,实现及使用简单。仅需几十行代码,即可实现一个远程调用的客户端,方便语言扩展客户端的实现。服务器端有php、java、python、ruby、.net等语言实现,是非常不错的及轻量级的远程调用协议。
其官网地址是:http://www.jsonrpc.org/
其Wiki地址是:http://json-rpc.org/wiki/implementations
可以看到,JSON-RPC有C,C++,C#,Javascipt,Erlang,Objective-C,Java等多种语言的实现,这里我简单介绍下Java使用JSON-RPC的示例,今天折腾了半天弄得。
首先就是要下载jsonrpc4j的jar包以及其依赖的jar包,这里我直接搭建Maven项目,使用Maven来管理jar包,其pom文件如下:
pom.xml
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
4.0.0
com.hjc.demo
jsonrpc_server
war
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
jsonrpc_server Maven Webapp
http://maven.apache.org
com.github.briandilley.jsonrpc4j
jsonrpc4j
1.0
junit
junit
4.10
com.fasterxml.jackson.core
jackson-core
2.0.2
com.fasterxml.jackson.core
jackson-databind
2.0.2
com.fasterxml.jackson.core
jackson-annotations
2.0.2
javax.portlet
portlet-api
2.0
org.springframework
spring-core
3.1.2.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-context
3.1.2.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-web
3.1.2.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-test
3.1.2.RELEASE
commons-codec
commons-codec
1.4
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpcore-nio
4.2.1
org.jmock
jmock-junit4
2.5.1
org.jmock
jmock
2.5.1
org.eclipse.jetty
jetty-server
9.0.0.RC0
org.eclipse.jetty
jetty-servlet
9.0.0.RC0
org.ow2.chameleon.fuchsia.base.json-rpc
org.ow2.chameleon.fuchsia.base.json-rpc.json-rpc-bundle
0.0.2
jsonrpc_server
待以上jar包等环境部署好了之后,就可以进行开发了,我们先要部署一个Servlet,作为RPC调用的接口。(我的环境的Tomcat6,Tomcat7的朋友可以直接使用@WebServlet来部署Servlet,具体代码因环境而异)。
web.xml
/p>
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
Archetype Created Web Application
RpcServer
RpcServer
com.hjc.demo.RpcServer
RpcServer
/rpc
RpcServer.java
package com.hjc.demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcServer;
public class RpcServer extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private JsonRpcServer rpcServer = null;
public RpcServer() {
super();
rpcServer = new JsonRpcServer(new DemoServiceImply(), DemoService.class);
}
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
rpcServer.handle(request, response);
}
}
其中,DemoService是RPC调用的接口,DemoServiceImply是DemoService接口的实现,他们的代码分别如下:
DemoService.java
package com.hjc.demo;
public interface DemoService {
public DemoBean getDemo(String code, String msg);
public Integer getInt(Integer code);
public String getString(String msg);
public void doSomething();
}
DemoServiceImply.java
package com.hjc.demo;
public class DemoServiceImply implements DemoService {
public DemoBean getDemo(String code, String msg) {
DemoBean bean1 = new DemoBean();
bean1.setCode(Integer.parseInt(code));
bean1.setMsg(msg);
return bean1;
}
public Integer getInt(Integer code) {
return code;
}
public String getString(String msg) {
return msg;
}
public void doSomething() {
System.out.println("do something");
}
}
DemoBean是一个普通的JavaBean,其代码如下:
DemoBean.java
package com.hjc.demo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class DemoBean implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5141784402935371524L;
private int code;
private String msg;
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
以上代码即完成了服务端的代码,接下来写一个客户端的测试类:
JsonRpcTest.java
package com.hjc.test;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcHttpClient;
import com.hjc.demo.DemoBean;
public class JsonRpcTest {
static JsonRpcHttpClient client;
public JsonRpcTest() {
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
// 实例化请求地址,注意服务端web.xml中地址的配置
try {
client = new JsonRpcHttpClient(new URL(
"http://127.0.0.1:8080/jsonrpc_server/rpc"));
// 请求头中添加的信息
Map headers = new HashMap();
headers.put("UserKey", "hjckey");
// 添加到请求头中去
client.setHeaders(headers);
JsonRpcTest test = new JsonRpcTest();
test.doSomething();
DemoBean demo = test.getDemo(1, "哈");
int code = test.getInt(2);
String msg = test.getString("哈哈哈");
System.out.println("===========================javabean");
System.out.println(demo.getCode());
System.out.println(demo.getMsg());
System.out.println("===========================Integer");
System.out.println(code);
System.out.println("===========================String");
System.out.println(msg);
System.out.println("===========================end");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doSomething() throws Throwable {
client.invoke("doSomething", null);
}
public DemoBean getDemo(int code, String msg) throws Throwable {
String[] params = new String[] { String.valueOf(code), msg };
DemoBean demo = null;
demo = client.invoke("getDemo", params, DemoBean.class);
return demo;
}
public int getInt(int code) throws Throwable {
Integer[] codes = new Integer[] { code };
return client.invoke("getInt", codes, Integer.class);
}
public String getString(String msg) throws Throwable {
String[] msgs = new String[] { msg };
return client.invoke("getString", msgs, String.class);
}
}
最后的打印结果如下:
服务端:
do something
客户端:
===========================javabean
1
哈
===========================Integer
2
===========================String
哈哈哈
===========================end
以上就完成了JSON-RPC全部的代码,值得说的是,这其中我也爬了很多坑,这里也提一下,JsonRpcHttpClient类的invoke方法,如果你要传递参数,必须是一个数组,这里我传的String[]和Integer[],如果传递了别的类型会发生什么呢?你可以试一下这样调用:
client.invoke("getInt", 3, Integer.class);
然后你就会发现服务端报错:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unknown params node type: 2
at com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcServer.findBestMethodByParamsNode(JsonRpcServer.java:612)
at com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcServer.handleObject(JsonRpcServer.java:373)
at com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcServer.handleNode(JsonRpcServer.java:293)
at com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcServer.handle(JsonRpcServer.java:230)
at com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcServer.handle(JsonRpcServer.java:207)
at com.hjc.demo.RpcServer.service(RpcServer.java:24)
...
点进源码,你就全明白了,进入JsonRpcServer类查看findBestMethodByParamsNode方法,其代码如下:
/**
* Finds the {@link Method} from the supplied {@link Set} that
* best matches the rest of the arguments supplied and returns
* it as a {@link MethodAndArgs} class.
*
* @param methods the {@link Method}s
* @param paramsNode the {@link JsonNode} passed as the parameters
* @return the {@link MethodAndArgs}
*/
private MethodAndArgs findBestMethodByParamsNode(Set methods, JsonNode paramsNode) {
// no parameters
if (paramsNode==null || paramsNode.isNull()) {
return findBestMethodUsingParamIndexes(methods, 0, null);
// array parameters
} else if (paramsNode.isArray()) {
return findBestMethodUsingParamIndexes(methods, paramsNode.size(), ArrayNode.class.cast(paramsNode));
// named parameters
} else if (paramsNode.isObject()) {
Set fieldNames = new HashSet();
Iterator itr=paramsNode.fieldNames();
while (itr.hasNext()) {
fieldNames.add(itr.next());
}
return findBestMethodUsingParamNames(methods, fieldNames, ObjectNode.class.cast(paramsNode));
}
// unknown params node type
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown params node type: "+paramsNode.toString());
}
所以我就明白了,除了null(不传参数),Array,Object,其他的类都是“Unknown params node type”,当时我也很疑惑,Integer不也是Object嘛,断点一下,原来它认为这是IntNode类,所以不能识别,其他的参数我也试过一些,目前还是数组是最靠谱的,网上资料还比较少,希望有懂得给指点指点。
这也是我今天花了半天时间弄得JSON-RPC,喜欢的朋友,源码地址在下面:
https://github.com/hjcenry/json-rpc-demo